1. External fixator configurations in tibia fractures: 1D optimization and 3D analysis comparison 
Luis M. Roseiro, M. Augusta Neto, Ana Amaro, Rogerio P. Leal, Miguel C. Samarra 
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 
Volume 113, Issue 1, Pages (January 2014)
DOI: /j.cmpb
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2. Fig. 1 3D model of the tibia (a) and tibia finite element mesh (b).
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
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3. Fig. 2
Cross section geometry used at 1D finite element model of the human tibia: (a) cortical bone; (b) cancellous bone. (For interpretation of the references to colour in the text, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Natural frequencies and associated vibration modes for 1D and 3D finite element models.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Tibia – external fixator models: (a) 3D model; (b) simplified model.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Magnitude distribution of the resulting displacement for load case A: (a) in the initial configuration; (b) in the optimum configuration. The maximum magnitude: (a) ; (b)
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
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7. Fig. 6
Tridimensional configuration of the initial tibia-fixator assembling: (a) full assembly; (b) assembly without knee region and diaphysis without cortical bone; (c) plant view of the diaphysis cortical bone.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Geometrical representation: (a) the fixed surfaces; (b) the axial loaded surfaces; (c) points used to create torsion binary.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Mesh generation of the tibia-fixator system for the initial configuration.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 9
Von Mises stress distribution in cancellous and trabecular bone of the fragmented tibia that covers the ankle, under the axial load and for: (a) initial tibia-fixator configuration; (b) optimum tibia-fixator configuration. Maximum von Mises stresses of 44.4MPa is seen on the initial configuration and 32.9MPa is seen on the optimum one.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 10
Distribution of the displacement magnitude at the tibia-fixator system under axial loading for: (a) the initial configuration; (b) the optimum configuration.
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine  , DOI: ( /j.cmpb )
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions