1. EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATOR

2. EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATORS
External skeletal fixator are a versatile affordable treatment for long bone fracture management.
Joint arthrodesis
A temporarily joint immobilization
But it not use for pelvic fracture ,and articular fracture.

3. CHARACTER OF EXTERNAL FIXATOR
Increase the pin diameter increase the holding capacity, but it should not exceed the 20% of the bone diameter.
Stability of the fracture area is directly proportional to the number of pin.
Bone and fixator clamp distance inversely proportional to the stiffness of fixator.

4. Strength and stiffness increase as the size and number of external connecting bar increase

5. NOMENCLATURE OF COMMON EXTERNAL FRAME
TYPE ONE A ; common frame are unilateral uniplanar.
TYPE ONE B : unilateral bi planar
TYPE TWO : bilateral uniplanar
TYPE THREE : bilateral - biplanar
CIRCULAR EXTERNAL FIXATOR

6. TYPE ONE A Unilateral uniplanar
Applied to the medial surface of radius and tibia. or the lateral surface of femur and humerus.

7. TYPE ONE - B
Unilateral - biplanar
Applied on radius and tibia .

8. TYPE TWO Bilateral uniplanar
Cannot be applied to the femur and humerus .
Applied only on the radius and tibia.

9. TYPE THREE Bilateral biplanar
Cannot be applied over femur and humerus because the position of the body wall

10. CIRCULAR EXTERNAL FIXATOR
It use for fracture treatment
Angular limb deformity correction

11. EQUPEMENT AND SUPPLIES
Fixation pin inserted in to bone to hold major fragment.
External connecter to support fracture.
Linkage device

12. FIXATION PIN ACCORDING TO PENETRATION
HALF PIN : inserted so that they penetrate both cortices but only one skin
FULL PIN : inserted both cortices and skin

13. ACCORDING TO THREADING
Nonthreaded fixation pin - it has smooth surface.
Threated pin -
End threated and centrally threated

14. External connector
External connector are come in small , medium and large external connector bar.
Made of stainless steel , titanium alloy , carbon fiber , aluminum or acrylic

15. LINKAGE DEVICES
The linkage device connects the fixation pin and external bar.
It consist if a single clamp through which external bar fixation pin placed.
Both SK and U clamp in the above photo

16. TYPES OF CLAMP U clamp S k clamp
The u clamp are more secure in resisting fixator pin movement than sk clamp ( kraus et al )

17. APPLICATION Fracture treatment Arthrodesis Bone lengthening
Bone transport
Angular limb deformity correction