1. Implementing TCP/IP

2. Module Overview Overview of TCP/IP Understanding IPv4 Addressing
Configuring IPv4
Name Resolution 2

3. Overview of TCP/IP The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite
TCP/IP Applications
What Is a Socket?

4. The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Application
HTTP
FTP
SMTP
DNS
POP3
SNMP
Transport
TCP
UDP
Internet
IPv6
IPv4
ARP
IGMP
ICMP
Network Interface
Ethernet
Token Ring
Frame Relay
ATM

5. Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite
OSI
TCP/IP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Application
Application
Presentation
HTTP
FTP
SMTP
DNS
POP3
SNMP
Session
Transport
Transport
TCP
UDP
Network
Internet
IPv6
IPv4
ARP
IGMP
ICMP
Data-Link
Network Interface
Ethernet
Token Ring
Frame Relay
ATM
Physical

6. TCP/IP Applications Some common application layer protocols are:
HTTP/HTTPS
RPC over HTTP
FTP
RDP
SMB
SMTP
POP3

7. What Is a Socket? TCP/IP Protocol Suite HTTP (80) HTTPS (443)
POP3 (110)
SMTP (25)
DNS (53)
FTP (21)
TCP/UDP
IPv4
IPv6

8. Understanding IPv4 Addressing
How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers
IPv4 Addressing
Simple IPv4 Implementations
More Complex IPv4 Implementations
How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask
Implementing an IPv4 Subnetting Scheme
Determining Subnet Addresses
Determining Host Addresses

9. How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers
Course 6420A
8-Bit Octet
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Decimal Value

10. IPv4 Addressing
An IPv4 configuration identifies a computer to other computers on a network
IP Address
IP Address
IP Address
Subnet 1
Default gateway defines the preferred router
IP Address
IP Address
IP Address
Subnet 2
Dotted decimal representation of the address and subnet mask

11. Simple IPv4 Implementations
Network ID
Host ID
1 1 0 x w y z
1 0
Class A Large Network
Class B Medium Network
Class C Small Network

12. More Complex IPv4 Implementations
/22
/24
/22
/20
/22
/24
/22

13. How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask
Course 6420A
Class B Address with Subnet
Number of Subnets
254
128
254 64 32 16 4 8 2
Network ID
Subnet ID
Host ID 1
Number of Hosts
32,512
65,534
16,256
254
8,128
4,064
1,016
2,032
254
508

14. Implementing an IPv4 Subnetting Scheme
When you subdivide a network into subnets, create a unique ID for each subnet derived from the main network ID
By using subnets, you can:
Use a single network address across multiple locations
Reduce network congestion by segmenting traffic
Overcome limitations of current technologies

15. Determining Subnet Addresses
When determining subnet addresses you should:
Choose the number of subnet bits based on the number of subnets required
Use 2n to determine the number of subnets available from n bits
For five locations, the following three subnet bits are required:
5 locations = 5 subnets required
22 = 4 subnets (not enough)
23 = 8 subnets

16. Determining Host Addresses
When determining host addresses you should:
Choose the number of host bits based on the number of hosts required on each subnet
Use 2n-2 to determine the number of hosts available on each subnet available from n bits
For subnets with 100 hosts, seven the following host bits are required:
26-2 = 62 hosts (not enough)
27-2 = 126 hosts

17. Configuring IPv4 Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
Automatic IPv4 Configuration

18. Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
Required by devices and hosts that connect directly to the Internet
Must be globally unique
Routable on the Internet
Must be assigned by IANA
Nonroutable on the Internet
Can be locally assigned by organization
Must be translated to access the Internet

19. Automatic IPv4 Configuration
APIPA:
Is used if a DHCP server cannot be contacted
Assigns IP addresses on the /16 network
Cannot be used with:
Active Directory
Internet connectivity
Multiple subnets
DNS or WINS servers

20. Name Resolution Configuring a Computer Name What Is DNS?
DNS Zones and Records
How Internet DNS Names Are Resolved
What Is WINS?
The NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
How a Client Resolves a Name

21. Configuring a Computer Name
Description
Host name
Up to 255 characters in length
Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, periods, and hyphens
Part of FQDN
NetBIOS name
Represent a single computer or group of computers
15 characters used for the name
16th character identifies service
Flat namespace

22. What Is DNS?
DNS is a service that manages the resolution of host names to IP addresses:
Resolve host names to IP addresses
Locate domain controllers and global catalog servers
Used to resolve IP addresses to host names
Used to locate mail servers during deliver

23. DNS Zones and Records
A DNS zone is a specific portion of DNS namespace that can contain DNS records
Records in forward lookup zones include: A
SRV MX
CNAME
Records in reverse lookup zones include:
PTR

24. How Internet DNS Names Are Resolved
Microsoft.com DNS Server
.com DNS Server
What is the IP address of
Root DNS Server
Local DNS Server
Workstation

25. What Is WINS? Queries a WINS server
NetBIOS Name
Registration Query ? OK
Payroll
WINS Server
Queries a WINS server 1
Determines whether name is in use 2
If not in use, then registers the NetBIOS name and associated IP address 3

26. The NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
DNS Server 7
NetBIOS Name Cache 1
DNS Resolver Cache 6
Local Host Name 5
WINS Server 2
Lmhosts File 4
Broadcast 3

27. How a Client Resolves a Name
NetBIOS Name Cache 4
WINS Server
Broadcast 6
DNS Resolver Cache 2
Local Host Name 1
Lmhosts File 7
DNS Server 3 5

28. Summary Overview of TCP/IP Understanding IPv4 Addressing
Configuring IPv4
Name Resolution 28