1. 9/27/2016
Tuesday

2. Science Log 7
Tuesday:
How do you know that the Earth is round?

3. Investigation 2 part 1
Update your Moon Logs

4. 3. Earth models
I have 2 models of Earth, the flat Earth (map) and the round Earth (globe).
The features on the two models are drawn to the same scale;
The continents and the ocean are the same size on both models.
The polar areas appear larger on the flat Earth because the globe has to be stretched at the poles to fit on the rectangular map.
Handle the globes with care---no tossing them around.

5. 4. Materials
One person from each group will get one globe and one map. That same person will be responsible for putting them away.

6. Compare and contrast
As a group, use a double bubble map as shown on the board to compare and contrast a flat map with a globe.

7. 2. Shape of Earth Okay, you all know that Earth is round---a sphere.
But the more important question is, how do you know it is round?

8. 2. Shape of Earth Okay, you all know that Earth is round---a sphere.
But the more important question is, how do you know it is round?
People didn’t always think Earth was round. The had to figure it out from evidence,

9. 2. Shape of Earth Okay, you all know that Earth is round---a sphere.
But the more important question is, how do you know it is round?
People didn’t always think Earth was round. The had to figure it out from evidence,
How did people more than 2000 years ago (14 centuries before Columbus) figure out the Earth was round?

10. 5. Review vocab
Latitude and Longitude
Find the lines that run around the globe. These are lines of Latitude (like ladder rungs).
The longest line of latitude is the one that runs around the middle (the fattest part) of the planet, halfway between the North and South Poles.
This is the equator.

11. 5. Review vocab
Latitude and Longitude
Other lines of latitude are described in terms of their distances north or south of the equator.
The unit of measure is the degree: the farther from the equator, the greater the number of degrees.
It is 900 from the equator to either of the poles.
The line of latitude circling the globe halfway up to the North Pole would, therefore, be 450 north.
Halfway to the South Pole would be 450 south.

12. 5. Review vocab
Latitude and Longitude
Find the line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole (top to bottom) on the globe.
These are lines of longitude.

13. 5. Review vocab
Lines of longitude extend from pole to pole. Each line is measured in degrees as well, with starting line being the one that runs through an English town called Greenwich, the site of the Royal Observatory. That’s 00 longitude, and it is also known as the prime meridian. You can go east or west around the planet from there. If you land in New York, you are about 750 west (this is west of the prime meridian), and if you end up in Kobe, Japan, you are 1350 east.

14. 5. Review vocab
You could, of course, get to Kobe from the prime meridian by going far enough west. So you could think of Kobe as being 2250 west, but the convention is that you count degrees only up to 1800 (halfway around the world) east or west. The line that is half a world away from Greenwich (which passes through the cluster of South Pacific islands called Fiji) is 1800 longitude, frequently referred to as the 180th meridian, or the international date line.

15. 5. Review vocab
Locate 00 , 00 (latitude and longitude) on the globe.
What is there?

16. 5. Review vocab
Locate 00 , 00 (latitude and longitude) on the globe.
What is there? It is in the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ghana.

17. 5. Review vocab
Find the site of Eratosthenes’s historical observation in Egypt, near where the Nile River crosses the tropic of Cancer.
What is the latitude and longitude?

18. 5. Review vocab
Find the site of Eratosthenes’s historical observation in Egypt, near where the Nile River crosses the tropic of Cancer.
What is the latitude and longitude?
About 240 north latitude, 330 east longitude.

19. 5. Review vocab
What is the global location of our town?

20. 5. Review vocab
What is the global location of our town?
About north Latitude
west Longitude

21. 5. Review vocab
Define: In your own words, add the page number to your index. Page 15
Longitude
Latitude
Equator

22. How do observations of ships at sea provide evidence of Earth’s shape?
6. Focus Question 2.1
How do observations of ships at sea provide evidence of Earth’s shape?
Page 17, you will return to answer later.

23. 7. Sailing ships
We are going to make some model sailing ships and observe them sail on the two Earth models.
It is not possible to observe real ships sailing to and from port, so you might want to setup a simulation in which a tiny model ship sails across the flat and round Earth models.

24. 8. Ship Building
Shape of Earth .

25. 10. Sea voyages Starting point Anchorage, AK
Destination port Auckland, New Zealand, and sail your boat from one port to the other.
Put your eyes down as close as possible to the starting point.
You want to have the view as though you are on the ground at that position on Earth, not viewing Earth from space.
It may be easier if a partner holds the map or globe for the observer, then trade, so everyone observes their sailing ships on the flat maps and the globes.

26. 11. Record observations Sheet 5, shape of Earth
The first drawing in each sequence should show what the boat looks like ready to sail,
the second should show what it looks like some distance from port, and
the third should show what it looks like far from port.

27. 13. Appearance of ship
“Earth Models”

28. 13. Appearance of ship
Your ship should look like it is “sinking” with the round Earth model and “shrinking” with the flat Earth model.
“Earth Models”

29. 14. Historical Information
For centuries, ships sailed the open seas, carrying materials and goods, such as metals, food, and household products, from port to port.
Merchants on shore waiting for the next delivery from sea would often observe the arriving ship rise out of the sea, first the topsail, then the mainsail, and finally the deck and hull.
The same observers would report that the ship sailing from port seemed to sink into the sea, disappearing below the surface until just the topsail was visible.
They might well have wondered why this happened.

30. 14. Historical Information
The sailors on board the ship also logged interesting reports.
Sailors always kept constant lookout in all directions and from all locations on a ship at sea, watching for dangers and for land.
Interestingly enough, it was always the sailor in the crow’s nest near the top of the mast who first sighted land.
Sailors on deck would stare in vain for their first glimpse of land.
It would be several minutes before land would come into view for the crew on deck.
Why did the lookout in the crow’s nest always see land first?

31. 15. Focus question
Talk in your groups to decide which theory of the shape of Earth is best confirmed by the observations of the two models of Earth.
Go back and answer your focus question
How do observations of ships at sea provide evidence of Earth’s shape?

32. 16. Clean up
Return your globes and maps to the front of the room