1. Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf ECE, UNB, Canada http://www.ece.unb.ca/sharaf
STANDALONE WIND INTERFACE GREEN ENERGY SCHEMES
Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf
ECE, UNB, Canada

2. Presentation Outline Introduction Objectives
DVR/MPF Stabilizing Scheme
DCC Stabilizing Scheme
GTO Interface Converter Scheme
APC Stabilizing FACTS Scheme
Wind-Farm Electricity using PMDC Generator Scheme
Conclusion & Recommendation
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

3. Introduction Wind Energy Fast growing;
Expect to supply 10% of total Energy by 2025; Advantages (abundant, clean,renewable);
Stand-alone WECS
Village electricity feeding hybrid motorized load
Voltage-stability Problems and Mitigation Solution
Voltage instability & Compensation
Proposed interface/stabilization schemes (DVR/MPF, DCC, GTO Converter, APC, Wind-Farm PMDC)
Digital simulation & validation using Matlab/Simulink/PS-Blockset
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

4. Introduction – cont’d Stand-alone WECS structure 1:n
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

5. Research Objectives
Develop digital models (for machines, nonlinear loads, converter/compensator interface, PWM and novel stabilizing controllers)
Validate the village wind energy interface schemes using (DVR/MPF, DCC, APC, Converter)
Investigate Flexible AC Transmission FACTS-based dynamic controllers
Recommend low cost stand-alone village wind energy interface schemes
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

6. Generator can be IG or PMSG
DVR/MPF Scheme
*Linear
*Nonlinear
*Motorized
Generator can be IG or PMSG
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

7. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d,
Hybrid Load
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

8. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d
Dynamic Voltage Regulator & Modulated Power Filter
(developed by Dr. Sharaf)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

9. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Typical GTO and Protection Circuits (ABB)
Turn on: Li----di/dt
Rs---discharge of Cs
Turn off: Cs----dv/dt
Data sheet
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

10. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Capacitor overvoltage Protection using Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

11. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d
Tri—loop Controller (developed by Dr. Sharaf)
Main Loop
Supplementary Loops
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

12. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results
Sequenced wind & load Disturbance: t=0.1s Load excursion applied, +30%; t=0.3s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0.5s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0.7s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%.
Voltage vs time
Voltage vs time
Vw -30% 1
0.9
0.8 1
0.9
0.8
SL +30%
Without the DVR/MPF
With the DVR/MPF
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

13. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results
Power vs Time
0.5
0.45
Vw -30%
0.4
0.35
SL +30%
With DVR/MPF
Without DVR/MPF
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

14. DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Resultset Vc
PWM pulses
time

15. DCC Scheme DCC Scheme with IG (Induction Generator)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

16. DCC Scheme – Cont’d DCC 3 GTO switching stages
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

17. Controller parameters are selected by off-line guided trial & error for
* Best voltage stabilization
* Max Pg extraction
DCC Scheme – Cont’d
Dual-loop controller 1
Tri-loop Controller 2
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

18. DCC Scheme – Cont’d time time Without DCC With DCC Vg_rms Pg
Wind and load variation sequence:
t=0.1s Load excursion applied, +40%;t=0.3s Load excursion removed, +40%;t=0.5s Load excursion applied, -40%;t=0.7s Load excursion removed, -40%;t=0.9s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%;
t=1.1s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%;t=1.3s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%;t=1.5s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%;
Without DCC
Vg_rms
With DCC
+/-10% Pg
time
time
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

19. DCC Scheme – Cont’d
Controller 2
Controller 1 et Vc
PWM pulses

20. SPWM GTO Converter Scheme
Output LC Filter
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

21. SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d
Smoothing
DC storage capacitor
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

22. SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d
Loop #1 (V-Load)
Loop #2 (V-generator) et Vc
Modulation index
Loop #3 (V-DC-link)
Developed by Dr. Sharaf
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

23. SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d (Dynamic simulation results)
Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0.03s Load excursion applied, +30%;t=0.04s Load excursion removed, +30%;t=0.05s Load excursion applied, -30%;t=0.06s Load excursion removed, -30%;t=0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%;t=0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%;t=0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%;
t=0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%;
Vg_rms
+/- 3% Pg
Without SPWM GTO Converter
With SPWM GTO Converter
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

24. SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d (Dynamic simulation results)et
VL-rms Vc
Vdc
pulses
time
time

25. Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme
Developed by Dr. Sharaf
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

26. Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d
P Q exchange at generator bus
** Asynchronous
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

27. Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d
Loop #1 (Vg)
Loop #2 (Ig)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

28. Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d (simulation results)
Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0.03s Load excursion applied, +30%;t=0.04s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0.05s Load excursion applied, -30%; t=0.06s Load excursion removed, -30%; t=0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, %; t=0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%;
With APC
Without APC
Vg_rms
+/-5% Pg
time
time
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

29. Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d (simulation results)Pf et Vc Qf
Pulses1
time
time

30. A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

31. A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

32. A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d
Loop #1 (V-Load) Stabilizer
Loop #2 (I-Load) Dynamic Tracking
Loop #3 (V-generator) Stabilizer
Developed by Dr. Sharaf
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

33. A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d (Simulation results)
Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0.03s Load excursion applied, +30%;t=0.04s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0.05s Load excursion applied, -30%; t=0.06s Load excursion removed, -30%; t=0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, %; t=0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Vg Pg
time
time
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

34. A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d (Simulation results)
Vinverter et Vc VL
VL-mag
pulses1
time
time

35. Conclusion The research validated six novel WECS Interface & Stabilization schemes namely:
Scheme 1: Dynamic voltage regulator/modulated power filter (DVR/MPF) scheme with IG
Scheme 2: DVR/MPF Scheme with PMSG
Scheme 3: Dynamic capacitor compensation (DCC) scheme with IG
Scheme 4: DC-link SPWM 6-pulse GTO Converter Scheme with IG
Scheme 5: Active/reactive Power Compensation (APC) Scheme
Scheme 6: Farm Electricity Scheme with PM-DC Generator
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

36. Conclusion – Cont’d DVR/MPF DCC with IG DC-link SPWM Converter with IG
APC with IG
Converter with
PMDC IG
PMSG
Elements
Series CAP
Parallel Filter
Parallel CAPs
Diode Rect.
RLC Filter
GTO-VSI and Output Filter
VSI
APC
IGBT-VSI
Controller
Tri-loop
Dual-loop
+ Tri-loop
dual-loop
Switching
PWM
SPWM (**Asyn)
Performance
Vg stabilization
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

37. Conclusion – Cont’d Recommendation
The research study is now being extended to other hybrid energy schemes such as solar/small hydro/micro-gas/hydrogen generation/small NG-fired turbine/biomass/sterling cycle/fuel cell technology and integrated distributed generation.
New dynamic FACTS based converter topology for hybrid (wind/PV/others) renewable energy schemes.
Novel AI/neuro-fuzzy/soft computing based effective stabilization and control schemes.
Build a full laboratory micro system simulator to study new FACTS converter and controller effectiveness.
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

38. PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been published/accepted/submitted
A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “A Switched Dynamic Power Filter/Compensator Scheme for Stand Alone Wind Energy Schemes”. IEEE Canada, Canadian Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering CCECE2004. May Dundas, Ontario, Canada. (Accepted)
A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Wind System Voltage and Energy Enhancement Using PWM-Switched Dynamic Capacitor Compensation”. IEEE sponsored, EPE – PEMC 04. European Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, September Riga, Latvia. (Accepted)
A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Stand-alone Wind Energy System Voltage and Energy Enhancement Using A Low Cost Dynamic Capacitor Compensation Scheme”, Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering, LESCOPE'04, July 28-31, 2004, Halifax, Canada. (Accepted)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

39. PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been published/accepted/submitted
A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Wind Energy System Voltage and Energy Utilization Enhancement Using PWM Converter Interface Scheme”, PATMOS 2004, Fourteenth International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, September , 2004, Isle of Santorini, Greece (Submitted)
A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Stand-alone Wind Energy Conversion System with Active Power Compensation Scheme”, International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy (IJETP), Special issue on Power Electronics for Distributed and Co-Generation. (Submitted)
A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “A Novel Farm-Electricity Wind Energy Scheme using PM-DC Generator”, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion. (Submitted)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

40. Thank you! QUESTIONS PLEASE !
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

42. Simple Wind Turbine Model (Quasi-static model)
is the tip speed ratio;
is the specific density of air (1.25);
is power conversion coefficient;
is the wind turbine rotor velocity in rpm;
A is the area swept by the blades;
R is the radius of the rotor blades;
k is equivalent coefficient of proportionality in per unit (0.745)

43. Typical Wind Turbine Characteristics

44. Induction Machine d-q Model

45. PWM Model

46. PWM Waveforms Clock Control signal Sampled Control signal Triangle
Compared
signal
Compared
signal
PWM
output
PWM
output
PWM Waveforms
t (s)

47. Asynchronous SPWM Waveforms Demonstration
Reference/control voltage
Carrier
time
shifting

48. GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet

49. GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet

50. GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet
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