1. COLD WAR 1945 delegates from 45 countries met form the United Nations
The five great powers – United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China were permanent members of the Security Council with the right to veto
The UN was intended to promote international cooperation
In 1945 Russia controlled much of Eastern Europe
Stalin’s aim was to protect Russia’s western border with communist allies – Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria

2. 1946 at Fulton Missouri, Winston Churchill made his iron curtain speech
The British, Americans, French and Soviets each controlled a part of Berlin
Berlin was an area controlled by the Soviet Union, but roads and railroads were allowed to link to the western sectors
In 1947 the western sectors all merged for economic reasons

3. 1947 Truman gets $400m to aid Turkey and Greece – to support free people
1947 George Marshall proposed an economic packet to help war-torn Europe
The soviets refused to participate
1948 a communist-backed coup in Czechoslovakia persuaded the Americans that they had to stop the spread of communism
The European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) provided $13b in aid

4. 1948 The soviets cut off access to Berlin
1948 The soviets cut off access to Berlin. The Allies organized the Berlin Airlift
1948 Britain, France and the Benelux countries signed the Brussels Pact
1948 America establishes a peace time draft
May 1949 the soviets lifted the blockade
The western powers created West Germany – the soviets created East Germany
1949 twelve countries (Brussels Pact + 5) signed the North Atlantic Pact – gradually other countries were added – this became NATO

5. Eisenhower continued the Truman Doctrine
1953 Stalin died
Khrushchev became the leader and promised “peaceful coexistence”
West Germany became part of NATO in 1955
1955 the soviets established the Warsaw Pact
1958 Khrushchev demanded that the west accept the neutralization of West Berlin or they would sign their rights to East Berlin to East Germany
The western powers did nothing and the deadline passed

6. August 1961 Khrushchev closed the east/west Berlin border
Began construction of the Berlin Wall
1961 Bay of Pigs fiasco – Castro moves closer to Moscow

7. 1963 American-Soviet Nuclear Test ban
1967 The Outer Space Treaty
1971 SALT I froze the number of ICBMs
1979 SALT II limits on long range missiles, bombers, nuclear warheads

8. 1979 Russia invades Afghanistan – new cold war
1989 the fall of the Berlin Wall