1. Recap of the 1920s and intro to the 1930s
A Changing Society
Recap of the 1920s and intro to the 1930s

2. Prohibition
The ban on alcohol lasted from 1915 to 1917 and was a War time enacted law
Emergence of temperance movements and religious organizations discouraged the sale of alcohol
Early 20th century:
Decided on a province by province basis
1915 all provinces ban the sale of liquor for recreational consumption
Repealed in 1918/1919
All province but Prince Edward Island – repealed June 1948

3. American Influence Prohibition in America lasted until 1933
Rum running or bootlegging became a major industry for both Americans and Canadians
1 case of 12 liquor bottles purchased in Canada during 1925 for $50 could be sold in the American ‘dry’ market for over $300
Most criminal activity occurring during this time revolved around the illegal sale of liquor

4. Crime, Lawlessness and the Canadian Border
Many of Canada’s wealthy families got their start smuggling alcohol
One of the most famous gangsters of the 20th century with multiple links to Canada is Al Capone
Start Video at 36 plkay for 10 minutes

5. Recap of the 1920s What made the 1920s “Roar”? Changing society
Consumerism
Mass production
Economic boom

6. Unsettled Beginnings
The Winnipeg General Strike started the decade off on unstable grounds
The plight for Canadian soldiers returning from war to secure jobs

7. Consumerism and Mass Production
The growth of the economy gave way to a new way of life a consumer economy
The Boom

8. Regionalism Not all regions of Canada had the same outcome Northern
Eastern
Western

9. Social Movements Women were changing social attitudes
As well this was the age of social movements to instill change in the wider Canadian society
Prohibition
Golden Age of Sport

10. So…
Did the 1920s Roar for all ?

11. Canada
People firmly believed that the good times of the twenties would never end
Throughout the roar, many economists warned the Canadian government and the Canadian people that it would not last
They ignored it and continued on with their credit society

12. The Business Cycle Step 1: Recovery Step 2: Prosperity
The Canadian economy was on the rise after WW1
Step 2: Prosperity
After the damaging effects of WW1, life started to go back to normal
Step 3: Recession
As more and more people are buying on credit national and personal debt is growing
Step 4: Depression
- The collapse of the stock market due to massive debt, public fear and the inability to recover economic losses

13. 4 stages Cont.
Economic Growth  inflation of prices to keep up with the demand for products
Recession  when people stop buying, the businesses enter a recession, in this stage they are faced with large inventories and lower profits and are forced to lower production and lay off workers

14. Cont.
Depression  sales no longer increase, they stabilize meaning that people cannot afford to pay for these items and companies are forced to lower their prices
Recovery this is when people start buying again. Factories do not immediately start roaring again since there is still a huge amount of left over inventory

15. So What Does This Have to do With the End of the Roar?
The business cycle must come full circle
Usually the depression stage is brief and quickly moves into a recession
However, this was not the case at the end of 1929

16. Black Tuesday
On this day (Oct, 1929) 16 million shares were sold on the New York Stock Market (Wall Street)
Soon those market shares dropped $30 BILLION
Thousands of people lost their life’s savings

17. Why is this important?
When the Stock Market Crashed on Black Tuesday, it is important to note that it did not by itself cause the Depression
It was just an indicator that something was already wrong with the system
The changes were dramatic. Between 1929 and 1933 the country’s public and private selling fell by 42%
1 in 5 Canadians became dependent on government relief.
Second video start at 3:04

18. Regional differences after 1929
As we discussed heavily during the 1920s, not all regions were affected the same
when the stock market crashed, the regions that were already suffering, suffered more
The standard of living decreased drastically

19. Western Canada The four Western provinces were the most affected
By 1932 the western provinces were technically bankrupt

20. The Dust Bowl
Severe drought affected agricultural production across Canada during 1934, 1936 and
These droughts resulted in poor to no crop yield
Massive dust storms created economic and agricultural strife for prairie farmers

21. The Prairies
The problems that were present in the Prairies were MUCH worse than the rest of Canada.
Years of drought, plagues of grasshoppers and hail storms

22. Central Canada
Ontario and Quebec faces heavy unemployment rates, but they were less affected
Why?
Diverse industrial economies
High population
Centrality to Canadian government
Had a variety of exports and weren’t reliant on one particular product

23. Eastern Canada
The Maritimes had already entered into a severe economic decline during the 1920s
Never truly recovered from the war
Loss of industry due to new technologies

24. Government Responses
The 1930s experienced major changes to the political system
For the people of Canada, King tried to enact systems of relief for the unemployed and homeless
But his government was defeated and Conservative, Richard B. Bennett took over in 1930

25. Prime Minister Bennett
Wealthy Lawyer from Alberta
He promised to deal harshly with social protest.
As a millionaire, he did not understand the needs of the people and did not believe in government “handouts”
Bennett became deeply hated by many depression victims.

26. Bennett Buggy

27. Bennett Blankets

28. What did people do?
Unemployed men, collected into work camps in British Columbia, launched the On to Ottawa Trek in 1935 to confront Bennett
Bennett denounced them, and police broke up the march in Regina, Saskatchewan. This lead to the Regina Riot July 1, 1935
Bennett then ordered the arrest of the leaders, which precipitated a riot in which a constable was killed and several dozen persons injured.

29. Video Play

30. Bennett’s New Deal
He borrowed heavily from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal in the US
In this deal he proposed platforms for:
Big business control laws
Reduce farm debts
Introduce minimum wages and the 8 hour day
Unemployment insurance and health insurance
Better old age pensions
Elected prime minister in 1930, Bennett benefitted from the most opportune moment to enter the Prime Minister’s Office: the Great Depression! Still, he led the creation of the Bank of Canada, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (precursor of the CBC), and the Canadian Wheat Board.

31. Social Assistance
There was no social program in place to help out the struggling Canadian like social assistance (welfare) or unemployment insurance
So they government created relief systems:
Food stamps
Public Charity (soup kitchens, shelters)
Relief Work
Work Camps
20:22 Video