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13th edition Chapter 17 Pages

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1 13th edition Chapter 17 Pages 635 - 671
The Special Senses 2) Vision 13th edition Chapter 17 Pages 12th edition Chapter 17 Pages

2 Anatomy of the eye

3 Anatomy of the eye

4 Anatomy of the eye

5 Anatomy of the eye

6 Anatomy of the eye

7 Intraocular Fluid

8 Intraocular Fluid Glaucoma

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12 Retina Pigmented layer Photoreceptors Bipolar cells Ganglion cells
Horizontal cell Amacrine cell

13 Photoreceptors Cones Rods

14 Photoreceptors Cones Rods

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16 Light Detection

17 Light Detection

18 Light Detection

19 Light Detection

20 Photoreceptors Cones Rods Cones Rods
Photopsin : blue, green and red sensitive pigments

21 Optics of Vision Light refraction

22 Optics of Vision

23 Optics of Vision Refraction power a lens “Diopter” = 1 m / focal length

24 Optics of Vision

25 Picture Formation cataracts (opacities in the lens)

26 Optics of Vision

27 Picture Formation Lens accommodation Pupil adjustment
Fusion of the two eyes

28 Accommodation

29 Vision problems

30 Vision problems Ametropia : refraction error, inabiulity of properly focusing light on the retina, a frequent reason for reduced visual acuity

31 Vision problems

32 Visual acuity Ability to separate contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart

33 Visual acuity Ability to separate contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart snellen eye chart Jaeger eye chart

34 Visual acuity Ability to separate contours that are approximately 1.75 mm apart Jaeger eye chart

35 Vision problems Astigmatism : irregular curvature of either the cornea or the lens, which lead to blurred or distorted vision due to parts of the image are out of focus.

36 VISUAL PATHWAY

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48 Pupillary Light Reflex

49 Olivary pretectal nucleus
Edinger-Westphal nucleus

50 Photoreceptors Cones Rods

51 Photoreceptors Cones Rods

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54 Color Blindness

55 Color Blindness Red-green color blindness

56 Color Blindness Red-green color blindness X linked

57 Color Blindness Red-green color blindness X linked
Deuteranope >>> green Protanope >>> red

58 Color Blindness Red-green color blindness
X linked Deuteranope >>> green Protanope >>> red Tritanopia >>> Blue Chromosome 7 ***anomaly : shift in the spectrum of one of the proteins i.e. Deuteranomaly, Protanomaly, Tritanopia

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62 Color Test Chart VS

63 Color Test Chart 42 VS “green” / 2 “red”

64 Color Blindness Type Prevalence Deuteranomaly (green) 4.63%
Deuteranopia (green) 1.27% Protanomaly (red) 1.08% Protanopia (red) 1.01% Tritanomaly (blue) 0.02% Tritanopia (blue) 0.03%

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67 Type Problematic colors Deuteran (green) Green/red, green/blue, green/gray, green/brown, blue/purple, orange/red, yellow/orange. Protan (red) purple/dark blue, orange/green, brown/dark green, red/brown, green/yellow, gray/purple Tritan (blue) blue/yellow, violet/yellow-green, red/red-purple, dark blue/black, yellow/white

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