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Enzymes
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What exactly is saliva? 98% water 2% electrolytes, mucus, and ENZYMES
Salivary amylase: an enzyme that begins chemical digestions. It breaks down big molecules called starch down into simple sugars. ***This explains why saliva breaks down a cracker (lots of starch) but will have no effect on steak!
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Key Point #1 Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells
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Review Point Chemical reactions REARRANGE reactants into products
Important chemical reactions we will talk about in bio: Photosynthesis, cellular respiration, the breakdown of food
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Review Point Reactant: what is USED in a chemical reaction
Product: what is MADE in a chemical reaction
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Catalyst A Catalyst is a substance that speeds up turning reactants into products. Enzymes are nature’s catalysts.
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Why are enzymes so important?
Without enzymes, chemical reactions could take place so slowly that your body wouldn’t be able to maintain homeostasis. Balanced inside Crazy environmental conditions!
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So how do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?
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Key Point #2 Enzymes provide a place where reactants can come together and use less energy for reaction. Reactants! React faster on the enzyme The product is made!
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Substrate: in a reaction that uses enzymes, reactants are called SUBSTRATE
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Active site: The place on the enzymes where substrate comes together
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Lock and Key Enzymes are VERY specific. Each enzyme usually only catalyzes one reaction. Scientists say substrates fit active sites like a lock and key!
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Key Point #3 Enzymes only work correctly in certain conditions. Enzyme activity can be controlled by: 1. Temperature 2. pH 3. Other molecules
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Whiteboards
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What is the main job of an enzyme?
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Name that biological chemical reaction!
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Name that biological chemical reaction
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In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction…
The reactants of the chemical equation are called_______________
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What is the place where the substrate binds to the enzyme called?
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Substrate or Enzyme? The “key”
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Substrate or enzyme The starch in your cracker
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Substrate or enzyme? The blue
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Name 3 things that control enzyme activity
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Hypothesis: Why does the reaction rate level off after a certain amount of substrate is present?
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