1. Brief History of Journalism and Newspapers

2. First printed newspaper
A.D.
First printed newspaper
Beijing, China

3. Invention of movable type
1550
Invention of movable type
is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation) usually on the medium of paper which was first invented in ancient China.

4. 1600-1700 1690 Newsletters Literary Magazine The Netherlands England
Germany
Literary Magazine
France
1690
Publick Occurrences was the first multi page newspaper published in the Americas.
Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick
Boston, MA
First edition suppressed and its editor, Benjamin Harris, was imprisoned

5. 1700
Politicians began to realize the potential of newspapers in shaping public opinion
1704
Boston News-Letter
-first successful newspaper
-John Campbell
1735
John Peter Zenger
-acquitted on charges of criminal libel based on articles critical of the colonial authorities of New York

6. Libel
1. A written, printed, or pictorial statement that damages a person by defaming his character or reputation, damaging him in his occupation, or exposing him to public ridicule
Slander
1. The utterance of defamatory statements injurious to the reputation or well-being of a person (can be written)

7. 1798 – Alien & Sedition Acts
Naturalization Act: Allowed citizenship for those who were born on the land and were free and of good character
Alien Act
Deport “dangerous” aliens during peacetime
Alien Enemies Act
Deport aliens of enemies
A series of laws known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote.

8. Sedition Act
Declared that any treasonable activity, including the publication of “any false, scandalous and malicious writing,” was a high misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment. By virtue of this legislation twenty-five men, most of them editors of Republican newspapers, were arrested and their newspapers were forced to shut down.
-Once in office in 1800, Republican President Thomas Jefferson pardoned all those convicted under the Sedition Act, while Congress restored all fines paid with interest. (Alien & Sedition Acts expire)

9. 1800 More newspapers Large numbers of people can read New machinery
Joseph Pulitzer
Edward Wyllis Scripps
William Randolph Hearst
Pulitzer and Hearst faced off in a newspaper war and were apart of the yellow journalism era, which means the use of crude exaggeration just to sell newspapers. Edward Scripps created the first chain of newspapers.

10. 1883 1890 WIRE SERVICES -Reuters -Associated Press
-United Press (later United Press International)
1890
Saturday Evening Post Reader’s Digest Collier’s Life Look
2,000,000+
Wire services are in place to distribute news to people electronically. (by telegraph during this era)

11. 1900
Newsreel & Radio
1908
First school of journalism established at the University of Missouri
1910
Approximately 2,202 daily newspapers in existence in the U.S.

12. 1912
Graduate school of journalism created at Columbia University
1920s
Newsreels in the United States alone reached about 40 million people a week in about 18,000 theaters
Radio begins broadcasting current events
1941
World War II
First reports on war were through radio

13. 1950
Television

14. 1960 1970 1972-73 1997 Civil rights demonstrations Vietnam
TV instrumental in turning public opinion against the war
Watergate
The Washington Post
1997
806 televisions for every 1,000 households

15. 1999 2000-Today 1,500 daily newspapers in the U.S.
CNN reaches 77+ million households in U.S. and Canada, and international broadcasts are relayed to 212 countries
Major trend now affecting newspapers is their incorporation into newspaper chains—
Ownership of a number of newspapers by a single company.
Satellites enable live viewing all over the world
Wire-service copy can be automatically set
Internet
-everyone has a site: newspapers, periodicals, radio, TV, BLOGS
-Advantage: up to date info. on a variety of subjects
-Disadvantage: release stories/info. too early & have to retract (opinion)
-Facebook, Twitter, smart phones, tablets, and other social media enter the equation.

16. Activity Time
With a partner, choose one of the items listed below and research it more. Write down facts and details that were not in this slide show. Get ready to teach the class more about what you learned.
First Printed Newspaper Columbia University Journalism
John Peter Zenger Television
Slander Alien and Sedition Acts
Libel Civil Rights Movement
Movable Type th Century Journalism
Radio