1. Legislations
Adventurous Activities Licensing Authority Regulations (AALAR)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
Reporting Injury Diseases Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (1995) RIDDOR

2. Adventurous Activities Licensing Authority Regulations (AALAR)
AALAR is in place to protect young people from risks to death and injury when taking part in activities with activity leaders who have a license.
The license proves that the provider has been inspected by the Adventurous Activity Licensing Service.
 AALAR only applies to companies, centres or individuals, who provide adventurous activities for under 18 year olds.

3. AALAR…
Came into existence in April 1994, with the regulations introduced in 2004.
Was introduced after a canoeing tragedy involving 8 students in England resulting in 4 deaths ( Lyme Bay canoeing tragedy )
Doesn’t apply to voluntary companies or companies who don’t require a charge for participation in the activity.

4. With this act in place, instructors taking a group on activities within the AALAR regulations, act as a parent for the under 18’s taking part. This is called loco parentis.
Not following this act correctly, could lead to breaking statutory laws if a member of the group under 18 was the become severely hurt . Breaking a statutory law would most likely lead to a criminal record, fine, or even a prison sentence.
The AALAR act only applies to those who have a higher duty of care (under 18’s). By having a higher duty of care they need a higher level of protection and supervision than those who have a high duty of care over the age of 18.

5. What activities does the scheme cover?
Climbing, abseiling, traversing ( excluding climbing walls and abseiling towers )
Caving
Trekking, running, pony ridding, off-piste skiing, biking, walking, when done above 600m and 30 minutes from a main road (remote areas)
Water sports, canoeing, kayaking, sailing etc in the sea, tidal areas, or large inland areas of water.

6. COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health 2002)
Most sports organisations use substances that could potentially be hazardous. COSHH regulations make sure that substances such as cleaning products are safely stored.

7. Potential hazards are made clear by using hazard symbols, COSHH uses these warn people of the dangers of different substances.

8. Examples of potentially dangerous hazardous substances in sports…
Chlorine use in swimming pools… COSHH would ensure that the correct levels of chlorine is in the pool to avoid any skin irritation or further serious issues.
Cleaning products in gyms and changing rooms
Cleaning climbing holds at an indoor climbing wall

9. What can employers do?
Reduce the risks or eliminate the risks of dangers related to hazardous substances. This can be achieved by….
Risks assessments
Control Measures
Staff training and supervision
Monitoring health and exposure if applicable

10. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment 2002)
This legislation was put into place to ensure that within all businesses, safety protection is worn not matter what size of the business. PPE is in place to protect employees and anybody who may be at risk of injury.

11. Equipment used within the PPE legislation may involve…
Helmets
Goggles
Protective clothing
Gloves
Harnesses
Life jackets
Protective footwear
Reflective bright clothing

12. With the PPE act in place, every employee is made to be wearing personal protective equipment whenever they could be at risk of injury. Not only does it apply to employees but also others, for example somebody viewing a building site would be made to wear a helmet and possibly other protective gear.

13. What if the PPE legislation wasn’t followed?
If protective equipment wasn’t worn, an employee could possibly sue their employer for not providing equipment if an accident were to occur. This would involve the civil law if the injured person wanted to claim compensation. If the accident happened again or was even repeat multiply times, it would become a case law because it has already happened previously.

14. How does the PPE legislation apply to sport?
In the majority of sports, the PPE legislation is followed. An example of it in sport would be an indoor climbing wall. The instructor has to protect the customers by making sure they are wearing a helmet and a harness. Without this equipment being worn, the customer would be at a serious risk. The instructor is responsible for the standard of care (negligence)

15. Reporting Injury Diseases Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (1995) RIDDOR
The RIDDOR regulations were introduced in 1995, making it a legal requirement for all organisations to report any incidents of ill health and injuries. Organisations have to keep a record of incidents dating back to three years.

16. Examples of incidents to be reported….
Near misses
Broken bones
Fractures
Serious wounds
Serious trips and falls

17. RIDDOR is mainly in place to stop the incidents from repeating themselves. Incidents fall into three categories, injuries, diseases and dangers.

18. ISPAL INSTITUTE FOR SPORTS, PARKS AND LEISURE Ispal is an organisation that inspects the level of safety in playgrounds, skate parks, and areas of leisure. Inspections are done by practical inspection to make sure they meet the requirement standards.

19. HSE ( health and safety executive) HSE is a health and safety act that was put in place to reduce the number of injuries and deaths in the UK. It involves inspections, investigations, prosecutions, notices, and reports within the workplace.

20. National Governing Bodies (NGB’s) Across England there are many NGB’s that have responsibility of managing their sport. NGB’s can make laws for their own sport. For example a free hit in hockey law was brought in by the EHB ( England hockey board ) They also influence schools and clubs to do their sport. Their funds come from the national lottery.

21. NGB examples RFU ( Rugby Football Union ) FA (Football Association )
LTA ( Lawn Tennis Association )
ECB ( England and Wales Cricket Board )
EN ( England Netball association )
EHB ( England Hockey Board )

22. Local Authorities
Allow a huge range of activities to be performed locally, from the local parks to leisure centres. Their main role to play is the provision of community sports.

23. Local Education Authorities
The local education authorities are responsible for all schools in their area.
Responsible for the distribution of funding within schools.
Help and advise schools with school trips.

24. AALA Inspectors ( Adventure Activities Licensing Authority ) They carry out inspections, and do spot checks of activity providers, decide on applications and issue licensing.

25. Police The police are a group of empowered people who enforce laws, protect people and deal with crime.

26. Duty of Care Within sport, coaches and instructors need to take into consideration the duty of care of those participating.