1. Multiple Alleles
Blood Types

2. Karl Landsteiner In 1901 he discovered blood groups
He realized that there was an immunological response when blood was mixed

3. Red Blood Cells
These are the cells that are important for determining our blood type
Red blood cells have proteins & other molecules on their surface

4. Agglutinogens (Antigens)
These are proteins that are attached to the surface of RBCs
Antigens make antibodies
There are two types of Agglutinogens A B
Each has different properties

5. Blood Types & Alleles Type A Type B Type AB Type O IAIA or IAi
IBIB or IBi
IAIB ii

6. Antigen & Antibodies
Type A blood has the A agglutinogen on its surface
It makes antibodies for the B agglutinogen
Type B blood has the B agglutinogen on its surface
It makes antibodies for the A agglutinogen
Type AB blood has both A & B agglutinogens on its surface
It does not make any antibodies
Type O blood has no agglutinogens on its surface
It makes antibodies for both the A & B agglutinogens

8. Rhesus Factor (Rh)
This is another protein that may or may not be found on the surface of RBCs
If the protein is present than it is “POSITIVE” +
If it is absent than it is “NEGATIVE”
You will make antibodies

9. Percentages

10. Blood Transfusions Agglutinogens must match up
If they do not our body (due to antibodies) attacks the new blood
This cause clumping, which is deadly

11. Universal Donor
Type O, since it doesn’t have any agglutinogens any blood type can receive it
Universal Recipient
Type AB, since it has both agglutinogen (and NO antibodies), it can get blood from every other type of blood

12. Blood Problem Example
Supposed that a father is blood type A and the mother is B. They have a child who is type O. What other phenotypes of blood are possible for their other children?