1. Human Blood Typing Kid saying blood video
Mrs. MacWilliams
CSI Forensic Science

2. I. WHAT MAKES UP OUR BLOOD?
RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – The most abundant cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) – They are part of the immune system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens.
PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – The clotting factors that are carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.
PLASMA – This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection.
**special note… humans have hemoglobin which is RED, we do not have hemocyanin (made with copper, not iron) which is blue

3. Blood Facts
The average adult has about FIVE liters (~1.3 gallons) of blood inside of their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight.
Blood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, and carries CO2 and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for disposal.
It fights against infection and helps heal wounds, so we can stay healthy.
There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three drops of blood. For every 600 red blood cells, there are about 40 platelets and one white cell.

4. II. ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES
A. ANTIGENS (aka agglutinogens)
Markers on surface of blood cells
Most important antigens:
A, B, O, and Rh

5. B. ANTIBODIES (aka agglutinins)
Formed against certain ANTIGENS in blood
Destroy foreign antigens and blood cells

6. What happens when you get the wrong blood type?
1.) The person’s body will recognize the ANTIGENS on the wrong blood as being foreign.
2.) The white blood cells will make ANTIBODIES to fight the foreign ANTIGENS.
3.) The foreign blood cells will burst and AGGLUTINATE (clot) and the person will die.

7. III. Blood Type Compatibilities
A BLOOD:
A antigens on the RBC
Creates antibodies against type B
Genotypes: IAIA or IAi
B BLOOD:
B antigens on the RBC
Creates antibodies against type A
Genotypes: IBIB or IBi

8. Blood Type Compatibilities
O BLOOD
NO antigens for A or B
Antibodies against BOTH A and B
Genotype: ii
“Universal Donor”
Can donate to any blood type
O is RECESSIVE to A and B

9. Blood Type Compatibilities
AB BLOOD
BOTH A and B antigens on RBC
NO antibodies for either Type A or Type B
Genotypes: IAIB
“Universal Recipient”
Can receive any blood type
A and B are CO-DOMINANT

11. IV. Rh FACTOR
A. Named for the Rhesus Monkey in whose blood it was first found.
System consists of at least 49 different antigens of which the most prominent is called antigen D.
About 85% of Americans (European descent)  Rh+ (HAVE Antigen D)
15%  no antigen D  Rh-
When exposed to Rh+ blood, form antibodies against Rh+ antigen
C. Genotypes (complete dominance)
Homozygous positive = + +
Heterozygous Positive = + -
Homozygous negative = - -

12. PERCENTAGE OF BLOOD TYPES
BLOOD TYPE WORLD %
O %
A %
B %
AB %
Rh %
Rh %

13. BLOOD TYPING Blood Typing Game