1. BLOOD
Chapter 14

2. 2 Basic Parts  Plasma & Hematocrit
Liquid Portion  solution
Water + Dissolved Substances
92% H2O
Dissolved Gases
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Nutrients & Electrolytes
Dissolved Proteins
Albumin – osmotic pressure  blood volume  blood pressure
Globulins – Alpha, Beta, Gamma
Fibrinogen – clotting
Nonprotein Nitrogenous Substances – urea, amino acids, creatine etc.
Hematocrit
Solid Portion  suspension
Cellular component
Hematopoiesis – process
Hemocytoblast – stem cell
Red Marrow – Location
Red Blood Cells
Erythrocytes
Carry Oxygen
Blood Typing – ABO & Rh
White Blood Cells
Leukocytes
Fight disease, pathogens, infections
Platelets
Thrombocytes
Blood Clotting

5. Characteristics of Red Blood Cells
No Nuclei or Mitochondria
Biconcave Shape
Sickle Cell Anemia
Hemoglobin
Iron  anemia
Carry Oxygen
Color of Blood
Life Cycle Days
EPO & erythroblasts
Marrow
Diet
Destruction
Liver & Spleen
Biliverdin & Bilirubin
Ferritin

6. Characteristics of White Blood Cells
White Blood Cells – Leukocytes
Help fight off or prevent disease
Granulocyte:
Neutrophil
Most common
Phagocytize small partilces
Eosinophils
Kills parasites
Basophils
Heparin and histamine
Inflammatory Response
Agranulocyte
Monocyte
largest
Phagocytize large particles
Lymphocyte
Immunity
B cells and T cells
Diapedesis
Leave Blood to fight infection
Positive Chemotaxis
Pus

7. Platelets and the Clotting Process
Platelets – Thrombocytes
Clotting and vessel repair
Megakaryocyte
Hemostasis – stoppage of bleeding
Blood Vessels Spasm
Serotonin – contracts vessels
Platelet Plug Formation
Coagulation – Clot forms
Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Mechanisms
Prothrombin  Thrombin
Fibrinogen  Fibrin
Hemophilia
Hematoma, Thrombus, Embolus

8. Blood Typing Depends on Antigens ABO Blood Groups
Antigens – surface markers
Anti-bodies – molecules that recognize antigens and “attack” them
Body’s defense against foreign material/pathogens
If you have the antigen, you will NOT have the anti-bodies; If you DO NOT have the antigens, your body will produce the anti-bodies
Agglutination – Clumping; anti-bodies stick to antigens
ABO Blood Groups
Two types of antigens  A and/or B
4 Blood types: A, B, AB (has both a and B antigens) & O (doesn’t have A or B antigens
Recipient can not have any antibodies match any of the antigens of the donor’s blood

9. Blood Typing
Rh factor – identifies if a person has another type of antigen (Antigen D)
First identified in Rhesus Monkey
+  has antigen
-  doesn’t have antigen
Separate from ABO Blood groups
Erythroblastosis Fetalis – condition where the mother’s blood produces anti-bodies that attack baby’s RBC antigens
- Mother and + Father can produce a + baby
More dangerous with 2nd pregnance/child