1. Unit 4: Political Geo Review

2. Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory
Core
Semi-Periphery
Periphery
Brandt Line

3. Government Power Organized Political Impact on Landscape
Territoriality
Landlocked states
Forward Capital
Government Power Organized
Unitary, Confederate, Federal
Political Impact on Landscape

4. State Shapes

5. Boundaries Physical / Natural Boundaries Cultural Boundaries
Geometric Boundaries
Consequent Boundaries
Religious Boundaries
Language Boundaries
Subsequent Boundaries
Antecedent Boundaries
Superimposed Boundaries

6. Boundary delimitation – Boundary demarcation –
Boundary definition –
determining the boundary by a treaty-like agreement through actual points, latitude/longitude, or landscape
Boundary delimitation –
the boundary is drawn on the map
Boundary demarcation –
the boundary is established by steel posts, concrete pillars, fences, etc. to mark the boundary on the ground

7. Devolution
Regional or Asymmetrical Federalism

8. Electoral Geography
Reapportionment
Gerrymander

9. Centripetal/Centrifugal

10. Centripetal forces Raison d'être Nationalism
Unifying institutions: schools, the armed forces and state churches.
*Organization and administration of the government.
Transportation and communication – strong core area
A perceived threat to a group’s sense of identity.
Core area from Jody Smother Marcello at NCGE – strong polarizing force (core area) in the US most of population live in central area around Chicago

11. Centrifugal forces
Forces that disrupt internal order and further the destruction of a country.
Ethnic conflicts; competing claims among ethnic groups.
Religion
Poorly run government and/or transportation systems.
A dissident minority seeking autonomy
Large population in frontier area
Devolution: transfer of power from the state’s central government. to separate political subdivisions within its territory.
Frontier – as opposed to core area

12. Forms of Government Monarchies: Constitutional Monarchy
Traditional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Republics:
Democracy
Restricted Democratic Practice
Authoritarian Regime
Totalitarian Regime
Non-Sovereign:
Protectorate
Colonial Dependency
Empire
Source: Matthew White, Adapted from FreedomHouse.org

13. African
colonies

14. Geopolitics Ratzel – Organic State Haushofer – lebensraum
Mackinder – Pivot Area & Heartland Theory
Alfred T. Mahan – control sea lanes
Spykman – Rimland Theory

15. Effect
US equated the Heartland theory w/the USSR so adopted containment in reaction to the Domino Theory
Creating alliances in the Rimland:
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in West Asia
Southeast Treaty Organization (SEATO)
Eastern Europe became a shatterbelt or shatter zone during the Cold War –

16. International Organizations
Supranational Org
Political/Military Org
Economic Org
UNCLOS
OPEC

17. Trading Blocs

18. What is Terrorism
US: premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents
UN: intention to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act.

19. Number of Terrorism Incidents, 2000-2008

20. Types of Terrorism
Domestic – acts against one’s own country (Oklahoma City)
International – acts that transcend national boundaries (9/11)
Subnational – acts committed by nongovernmental groups (Chechnya)
State – acts committed by agents of the government (Syria)

21. The 8 Stages of Genocide
Understanding the genocidal process is one of the most important steps in preventing future genocides.
Classification
Symbolization
Dehumanization
Organization
Polarization
Preparation
Extermination
Denial 21