1. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

2. The Civil War: Union vs Confederate

3. Confederate Union

4. The War Between States The war lasted from 1861 to 1865
The war started and ended at Wilmer McLean’s house
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5. Main Causes State’s Rights Slavery Preserving the Union
Slave vs. Free States
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6. Picture Credit: http://www. historyplace. com/civilwar/cwar-pix/civmap

7. North South 23 States 11 States Union Confederate Yankee Rebel
Blue Coats
Grey Coats
United States of America
Confederate States of America
Washington D.C.
Richmond, Virginia
Free states
Slave states

8. North vs. South Small Towns and Farms Larger Cities and Towns
More Work on Farms
Work in Factories
Farms
Against lower taxes on imported goods
Happy about lower taxes on imported goods
Slavery was allowed
Slavery was mostly outlawed
p.55

9. North and South… Issue of Taxes
Wanted higher tariffs on imported goods because wanted to encourage Americans to buy goods from the North
Wanted lower tariffs on imported goods because wanted cheaper goods from Great Britain

10. North and South… Issue of Slavery
Slavery was outlawed in most northern states by 1850.
Northern workers were free and were paid for their work.
Although, in many northern factories, workers put in long hours, under difficult conditions, for low pay.
Slavery was allowed in southern states.
Enslaved people grew crops such as cotton, tobacco, and rice.
Important to the economy
In 1850, 6 of every 10 slaves worked in cotton fields. Remember…”King Cotton”

11. Slavery…why have it? The South’s Point of View
The North’s Point of View
Slaves grew lots of crops such as cotton, tobacco, and rice.
Slavery was profitable to the economy.
The goods an enslaved person produced brought in twice as much money as the cost of owning the slave.
Slaves were better off than factory workers. (bad conditions; long hours, little pay)
Abolitionists believed it was wrong for one human to own another.
Many slaves were mistreated.
Slaves did not have the same rights as a free white man.
p.56, 57, 59

12. Abraham Lincoln He was born Feb. 12, 1809.
Lincoln was the central figure of the Civil War, and is regarded by many historians and others as one of our greatest Presidents.

13. Abraham Lincoln
On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy.
Appointed Ulysses S. Grant to lead the Union.
Lincoln's achievements--saving the Union and freeing the slaves--and his martyrdom just at the war's end assured his continuing fame.

14. Ulysses S. Grant (Union)
Lincoln appointed him General-in-Chief in March 1864.
Finally, on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House, Lee surrendered to Grant.

15. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America (South)
Davis was responsible for the raising of the Confederate armies.
He appointed General Robert E. Lee as commander of the Army of Virginia.

16. Robert E. Lee General of the Confederate Army
On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant.

17. Significant Events Fort Sumter – first battle of the Civil War
Gettysburg – important battle for the North
Emancipation Proclamation – end of slavery
Gettysburg Address – inspired Union soldiers
Appomattox Courthouse – end of the Civil War

18. EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR creation of a single unified country
ending of slavery
increased power to federal government
U.S. now an industrial nation
a stronger sense of nationalism
western lands increasingly opened to settlement
South was economically and physically devastated, with the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...

19. The Civil War: Important People
Research Important People & Share Findings

20. William Lloyd Garrison
Publisher of the abolitionist newspaper known as The Liberator
Used the newspaper to tell everyone that slavery was wrong and should be abolished immediately
Along with others, he formed the American Anti-slavery Society.

21. William Lloyd Garrison
The American Anti-slavery Society published books and papers advocating the emancipation of all slaves
His newspaper was banned in the South.
He was often harassed because many Northerners also opposed his views

22. Sojourner Truth
1st African American woman to gain recognition as an anti-slavery speaker
Was born a slave in New York but was freed through gradual emancipation
Had a powerful speaking style and drew large crowds when she lectured about slavery and women’s rights

23. Sojourner Truth
President Lincoln appointed her as a counselor to the freedmen in Washington during the Civil War

24. Frederick Douglass
Taught himself to read and write while he was a slave
Escaped slavery and became an eloquent spokesman for the abolition movement
Published an antislavery newspaper called The North Star

25. Harriet Tubman
An escaped slave who became one of the most successful “conductors” of the Underground Railroad
Known as “Moses” of her people because she led more than 300 slaves out of the South, including South Carolina, to freedom

26. Harriet Beecher Stowe Author of the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Book became a best seller and revealed the cruelty of slavery to many Northerners
Wrote the book in response to the Fugitive Slave Act that was passed as part of the 1850 Compromise

27. Harriet Beecher Stowe
During the Civil War, she often disagreed with President Lincoln because of his concern with preserving unity of the nation and his need to postpone freeing the slaves.

28. John Brown
An abolitionist who migrated to Kansas after the Kansas-Nebraska Act declared that territory would decide by popular sovereignty whether it would be slave or free
In Kansas, Brown and his sons participated in the violence that gave the territory the name “Bleeding Kansas”.

29. John Brown
Most Infamous Action: Led a raid on the U.S. arsenal at Harper’s Ferry in Virginia in hopes of capturing guns and leading a slave revolt-- was unsuccessful
He and his followers were captured by federal troops under the leadership of General Robert E. Lee

30. John Brown He was tried, found guilty of treason, and hanged.
John Brown was hailed a martyr by many Northern abolitionists but he raised great fear among Southerners and further divided the North and South.

31. Abraham Lincoln
Being commander-in-chief of Union army, it was his job to name commanders in the field
He changed generals frequently until he found Ulysses S. Grant
Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Was assassinated shortly after the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

32. Ulysses S. Grant General in Union Army
Under his leadership, the Union Army employed a new strategy of total war.
He accepted the surrender of the Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Courthouse.

33. Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America and also commander-in-chief of the Confederate Army
Did not have to look for a good general because Robert E. Lee assumed the leadership of the Army of Northern Virginia
Had little power because the Confederate states believed in states’ rights

34. Robert E. Lee
Leader of the Army of Northern Virginia in the Confederate Army
Led his army to victory in many battles at the beginning of the Civil War using tried and true strategies
At Gettysburg, Lee ordered a frontal assault on Union lines and many of his soldiers were killed as a result of the accuracy of new rifles

35. Robert E. Lee
As the war progressed, the Union Army killed so many Confederate soldiers that his army was almost destroyed, particularly at Gettysburg.
Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

36. Emancipation Proclamation
It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union.
It did not free slaves in border states.

37. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s goal of the war was to absolve slavery in the United States.
He believed “slavery must die so that the nation might live.”
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln gave a statement that freed all slaves in the Confederate states at war with the Union.