1. 6.03 Secondary Controls and the Effects of Controls
Ref: FTGU pg 15, 28, 29
40 min

2. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Review
1. What control surface causes roll?
2. What movement does the elevator create?
3. Which axis does yaw act around?
4. Name the 2 types of fuselage construction.

3. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Secondary effects
MTPs
Trim
Spoilers and Dive Breaks
Flaps
Secondary Effects of Controls
Coordination

4. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Trim
What: adjustable device located on the trailing edge of control surfaces
Purpose – alleviates pressure on the controls
Other types of trim are bungees connected to the control column
Most often only on the elevator

5. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Secondary effects
The trim tab moves in the opposite direction as the control surface

6. Trim in a glider Types - side trim (bungee)
6.03 Theory of Flight – Trim
Trim in a glider
No trim tabs
Types
- side trim (bungee)
- stick trim (ratchet)
Bungee Trim

7. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Spoilers & Dive Brakes
Spoilers and Dive Brakes
Primarily used in glider flying, also found on jets
Spoilers – are hinged plates on top of the wing
disrupt the airflow over the wing to “spoil” the lift (Top)
Dive Brakes – increase drag (Bottom)
NASA applet -

8. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Spoilers & Dive Breaks
Purpose – allows the pilot to control the rate of decent during final approach and landing
- Spoilers and dive brakes increase drag and decrease lift

9. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Flaps
Increase the camber of the wing
This increases the lift and the drag
Known as a high lift device
Allows the aircraft to have a steeper approach path with a decreased stall speed
Allows glider pilot to fly slower in a thermal

10. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Flaps
Types of flaps

11. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Secondary effects
The air movement over control surfaces when they are moved causes adverse effects
When you yaw you get Roll
When you roll you get Adverse yaw

12. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Secondary effects
Roll from yaw
When rudder is applied, the wing on the outside of the turn moves faster, which causes it to experience more lift
Faster = more lift

13. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Secondary effects
Roll from yaw
MORE LIFT
CAUSES ROLL
TO THE LEFT
FASTER
YAW LEFT

14. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Secondary effects
Adverse Yaw from roll
When ailerons are applied the plane has a tendency to yaw away from the lower wing because of aileron drag.
The wing that rises experiences more lift, but also more induced drag.

15. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Secondary effects
Adverse yaw from roll
Right aileron UP
MORE LIFT
MORE DRAG
ROLL CAUSES
ADVERSE YAW
Left aileron DOWN
LESS LIFT
LESS DRAG

16. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Coordination
To turn the aircraft without causing unnecessary drag, aileron and rudder must be used.
Using too much rudder will cause a “skidding turn”.
Using too little (or opposite) rudder will cause a “slipping turn”.

17. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Coordination
You slip in and skid out. Think of driving and skidding around a corner.

18. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Confirmation
How is adverse yaw created?
Why is there roll when an airplane is yawed?
What are the purpose of flaps?
Name 2 types of trim.
What is trim used for?
What is the difference between slipping and skidding?

19. 6.03 Theory of Flight – Confirmation
Draw on the airplane where the following go:
Flaps
Spoilers
Elevator Trim tab
Aileron Trim tab

20. What we have learned today…
Trim
Spoilers
Flaps
Secondary Effects
Coordination