1. Acids and Bases
CHAPTER 23

2. 23.1
Acids contain at least one Hydrogen Ion (H+) that can be removed when the acid dissolves in water forming Hydronium Ions (H3O+)
Properties of Acids
Taste Sour
Corrosive and damaging to skin/tissue
React with an Indicator such as litmus paper to produce a red color

3. C. Common acids Foods contain acids
Citrus fruits = citric acid
Yogurt/buttermilk= lactic acid
Vinegar= acetic acid
2. Stomach= Hydrochloric acid to help digest food
3. Four acids are vital to industries
Sulfuric= car batteries, fertilizers
Phosphoric= detergents, fertilizers, soft drinks
Nitric= fertilizers, explosives
Hydrochloric= clean steel

4. d. bases
D. Bases- substance that forms Hydroxide Ions (HO-) in water; accepts H+ from acids E. Properties of Bases 1. Many are crystalline solids in an undissolved state 2. Feel slippery 3. Bitter in taste 4. React with indicator to produce predictable color change, litmus paper turns Blue F. Common bases are used in cleaning products, medications, fabrics, and deodorants

5. G. Dissociation (separation) of acids and bases
Acid describes compounds that can be dissolved in water to form Hydrogen Ions (H+)
Base describes compounds that form Hydroxide Ions (HO-) in a solution
Solutions of acids and bases are opposite

6. 23.2
A. Strength of acids and bases depend on how a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water 1. A strong acid ionizes almost completely in water solution 2. A weak acid only partly ionizes in solution 3. A strong base dissociates completed in solution 4. A weak base doesn’t completely dissociate
5. Strong acids/bases conduct more electricity than weaker ones (based on having more ions in the solution) 6. Equations for strong acid/bases use a single arrow= ions formed 7. Weak acid/bases use double arrows =incomplete reaction 8. Strength and concentration describe the amount of acid/base dissolved in a solution

7. B. Ph OF A SOLUTION
pH is the measure of the concentration of Hydrogen Ions (H+) in a solution
a. pH lower than 7= acid
b. pH greater than 7= base
c. Exactly 7 = neutral
2. pH is determined using indicator paper or pH strips
3. Blood contains buffers which keep the pH balanced ~7.4
*Buffers contain ions that react with acids/base to minimize their impact on pH