1. Psyc 351 Measurement Techniques
BERNA AKÇİNAR

2. Review of the Syllabus Content Readings Grading
Schedule of classes – attendance

3. The Origins and History of Psychological Testing

4. What is Psychological Testing?

5. Definition of Psychological Testing
Measurement Tool
A sample of behavior.
The sample (participants) is obtained under standardized conditions.
Established rules for scoring or for obtaining quantitative (numeric) and qualitative information from the behavior sample. - objectivity

6. Principles of Psychological Testing
Standardization - All procedures of tests (both quantitative and qualitative) must be conducted with consistency and under the same conditions.
Objectivity - Subjective judgments and biases are minimized in scoring the behaviors.
Test Norms - The average and standardized test score within a large group of people – results of others can be compared with an established frame of reference.
Reliability – The consistency across different times, tests, scorers.
Validity - The test must measure what it is intended to measure.

7. History of Psychological Testing
Basis of psychological testing
The significance of individual differences
Why?
Interest in performance of professionals
Chinese system (2200 BC) - proficiency in topics such as civil law and financial issues
19th century Europe – mental illness and mental retardation

8. Psychological Measurement in the 19th Century
Interest in science and measurement
Emergence of psychology as an experimental and quantitative science
Emergence of public education in the United States
Interest in hereditary basis of abilities (Galton)

9. Psychological Measurement in the 20th Century
Public education and availability of limited funds
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon – General intelligence tests - identify mental retardation in school children
Revision 1908 – age specific versions
Needs of the military for allocating personnel (WW I) – U.S. Army
General mental ability
Measure of psychopathology

10. Psychological testing today – Areas of Application
Achievement testing
Certification testing
Attitude surveys
Opinion polls
Market preferences
Performance tests
Screening tests
Mental health assessments

11. Principles of Psychological Testing
Standardization -
Objectivity -
Test Norms -
Reliability –
Validity -

12. Types of tests Test of Performance Behavior Observation Self-Reports
Writing an essay, multiple choice items, mentally rotating images presented on a computer screen, general mental ability (intelligence tests), music ability test.
Behavior Observation
Observation of a specific behavior.
Self-Reports
Subjects define their own attitudes, feelings, beliefs, interests, etc.
Most of the personality inventories, surveys, questionnaires.

13. Types of tests (another classification)
Standardized vs. non-standardized
Presence of norms – interpretation of scores
Individual vs. group
Verbal vs. performance
Types of items are symbolic or analog
Cognitive vs. affective
Achievement vs. aptitude

14. Test databases Tests in print Mental measurements yearbook
Measures for clinical practice
Mental measurements online database
ETS/ERIC databases
Health and psychosocial instruments database

16. Activity Identify a subject for assessment
Write/Print/copy it and bring it to class
Achievement testing
Certification testing
Attitude surveys
Opinion polls
Market preferences
Performance tests
Screening tests
Mental health assessments

17. Activity Information about its training How many days/hours By whom
Any additional info about the training?