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• Transmit • Integrate Functions of the Spinal Cord Sensory Info

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Presentation on theme: "• Transmit • Integrate Functions of the Spinal Cord Sensory Info"— Presentation transcript:

1 • Transmit • Integrate Functions of the Spinal Cord Sensory Info
Motor Commands Periphery Brain

2 Transmitting Information
Ascending tracts Descending tracts Fasciculus gracilis Fasciculus cuneatus Ventral white commissure Lateral reticulospinal tract Dorsal white column Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Ventral Lateral spinothalamic tract Ventral spinothalamic Lateral corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Medial reticulospinal Ventral corticospinal Vestibulospinal tract Tectospinal tract

3 Integration - Reflexes
Interneuron Stimulus Skin 1 Receptor 2 Sensory neuron 3 Integration center 4 Motor neuron 5 Effector Spinal cord (in cross section)

4 Bone Spinal Cord Protected by Meninges Cerebrospinal fluid

5 Bony Protection

6 Meninges Pia mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater 3 Membranes surrounding
the spinal cord Pia mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater

7 Meninges Basic Arrangement Spinal Cord Pia mater Subarachnoid space
Epidural space Arachnoid mater Dura mater

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9 CSF Produced from blood by specialized
Functions: 1. Support 2. Protect 3. Buffer Produced from blood by specialized capillaries (choroid plexuses) in the brain

10 Spinal Cord Anatomy Foramen magnum – L1

11 31 spinal nerve pairs Cervical nerves C1 – C8 Thoracic nerves T1 – T12
31 spinal segments Lumbar nerves L1 – L5 Sacral nerves S1 – S5 Coccygeal nerve Co1

12 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T8 T9 C5 C6 C5 C6 C7 L1 L3 L5 S3 S4 L2 L3

13 Spinal Cord Anatomy

14 Conus Medullaris & Cauda Equina

15 Filum Terminale

16 Spinal Cord – Cross Sectional Anatomy
Gray Matter – Somata Dendrites Unmyelinatedaxons White Matter – Myelinated axons

17 Spinal Cord – Cross Sectional Anatomy
Gray commissure Dorsal horn Ventral horn Lateral horn Dorsal column Ventral column Lateral column White columns Gray matter Central canal

18 Spinal Cord – Cross Sectional Anatomy
White Matter – Organized into columns and tracts Ascending tracts Descending tracts Fasciculus gracilis Fasciculus cuneatus Ventral white commissure Lateral reticulospinal tract Dorsal white column Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Ventral Lateral spinothalamic tract Ventral spinothalamic Lateral corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Medial reticulospinal Ventral corticospinal Vestibulospinal tract

19 Spinal Cord – Cross Sectional Anatomy
Gray Matter Organization Dorsal root (sensory) Dorsal horn (interneurons) Dorsal root ganglion Somatic sensory neuron Visceral Visceral motor Spinal nerve neuron Somatic Ventral horn (motor neurons) Ventral root (motor) motor neuron Interneuronsreceiving input from somatic sensory neurons Interneuronsreceiving input from visceral sensory neurons Visceral motor (autonomic)neurons Somatic motor neurons

20 Basic Structure of a Nerve
Axon Myelin sheath Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium Fascicle

21 Spinal Nerve Anatomy

22 Spinal Nerve Anatomy Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus

23 Motor and sensory signals
to/from the posterior trunk Dorsal ramus

24 Ventral ramus Motor and sensory signals to/from the anterior trunk and limbs

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26 Ventral ramus Rami communicantes – carrying autonomic nerve fibers

27 All ventral rami Form (Except T2-T12) 4 major plexuses
Interlaced bundles of nerve fibers Primarily serve Nerve Plexuses the limbs Cervical Plexus Brachial Plexus Lumbar Plexus 4 major Sacral Plexus plexuses

28 Cervical Plexus Mostly cutaneous nerves Segmental branches Ventral
Ventral rami Segmental branches Ventral rami: C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Lesser occipital nerve Greater auricular Transverse cervical nerve Ansa cervicalis Phrenic nerve Supraclavicular nerves

29 Brachial Plexus Supplies the upper limb Gives rise to several
important nerves Axillary Musculo- cutaneous Radial Ulnar

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31 Axillary Nerve Carries sensory info from the shoulder region and motor
commands to the deltoid muscle.

32 Musculocutaneous Nerve
Carries sensory info from the lateral arm and motor commands to the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.

33 Radial Nerve Carries sensory info from the posterior arm and motor
commands to the triceps brachii, wrist extensors and brachioradialis muscles.

34 Ulnar Nerve Carries sensory info from the palm and the medial
hand/fingers and sends motor commands to the wrist flexors and intrinsic hand muscles.

35 Lumbar Plexus Part of the lumbosacral Gives rise to several
Femoral Obturator Supplies much of the lower limb Gives rise to several important nerves L1 L2 L3 L4 Obturator L5 Femoral

36 Femoral Nerve Carries sensory info from much
of the thigh, leg, and foot and sends motor commands to quadriceps femoris muscles.

37 Obturator Nerve Carries sensory info from the thigh and sends motor
commands to adductor muscles.

38 Sacral Plexus Part of the lumbosacral plexus
Gives rise to several Supplies much of the pelvis, thigh, and leg Superior gluteal L4 Inferior gluteal Pudendal Superior gluteal L5 Sciatic S1 Inferior gluteal S2 S3 S4 Pudendal Sciatic S5 Co1

39 Sciatic Nerve Carries sensory info from the
skin of much of the lower limb and sends motor commands to hamstring muscles as well as other muscles of the lower leg Sciatic and feet.

40 Gluteal Nerves Primarily send motor commands
to adductor muscles of the thigh and to the gluteus maximus. Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal

41 Pudendal Nerve Carries sensory info from the external genitalia and
supplies motor commands to the external urethral and anal sphincters.

42 From sensation to perception
Sensation is the awareness of changes in the internal and external environment Perception is the conscious interpretation of those stimuli

43 Neural integration Receptor level Circuit level Perceptual level

44 Motor control

45 Reflex arc

46 Stretch reflex

47 Flexor reflex (withdrawal reflex)
pain contraction

48 Chapter 11 -Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of all nervous tissue found outside the CNS Nerves (white), ganglia (gray), sensory receptors Two subdivisions - Sensory ( ) and Motor ( ) afferent efferent Motor further subdivided into _________ and _________ autonomic somatic Ganglion Ganglion Nerve Nerve Somatic voluntary Autonomic involuntary Cutaneous receptors Ganglion Visceral receptors Effector – smooth muscle Effector -skeletal muscle

49 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
functions without _________ effort controls _______ activities regulates ______ muscle, _______ muscle, and _____ efferent fibers typically lead to _______ outside CNS conscious visceral smooth cardiac glands ganglia Two Divisions ____________– prepares body for fight or flight situations _______________ – prepares body for resting and digesting activities Sympathetic Parasympathetic

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51

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53 Sympathetic Anatomy Sympathetic fibers arise from lateral horns of Thoracolumbar regions ________ T1 to L2 Organ with only pre ganglionic stimulation______________ Note the sympathetic chain ganglia Adrenal gland

54 Parasympathetic Anatomy
Match Parasympathetic fibers arise from Craniosacral regions Four cranial nerves with parasympathetic fibers are … S2 – S4 Sacral region is _______ Organs with no parasympathetic? Which has more widespread influence? parasympathetic or sympathetic Parasympathetic Anatomy

55 Comparison of Somatic Pathways to Autonomic Pathways
____ motor neuron _____ganglia effector _____________ one no skeletal muscle Somatic Autonomic Autonomic _____motor neurons synapse between neurons occurs within a _________ effectors ______, ________________________ two ganglion glands smooth and cardiac muscle Neurotransmitters - ACh (cholinergic) and Norepinephrine (adrenergic) Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers release ____; postganglionic ____ Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release ____; postganglionic ____________ Somatic release at neuromuscular junction ____ ACh ACh ACh norepinephrine ACh Comparison of Somatic Pathways to Autonomic Pathways

56 Actions of Autonomic Neurotransmitters depend on receptor
Cholinergic receptors - bind to acetlycholine nicotinic - always excitatory muscarinic – usually excitatory atropine blocks (dilates pupil; salivary secretion) pilocarpine activates parasympathetic effects Adrenergic Receptors - bind to norepinephrine alpha - responses vary by effectors beta – responses vary by effectors beta 1 -increases heart rate; rennin secretion; fat metabolism beta 2 - dilates blood vessels & bronchioles

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