1. Archaebacteria
&
Eubacteria

2. General Bacterial Characteristics
Oldest living organisms on Earth
Prokaryotic & microscopic
Reproduces asexually through binary fission
Can live almost anywhere

3. Archaebacteria Characteristics: Live in harsh environments.
Classified into 3 main groups: heat lovers, salt lovers, & methane makers
Mostly all anaerobic – can live without oxygen
Not all Archaebacteria have cell walls
Entirely non-pathogenic ~ do not cause disease

4. Eubacteria Characteristics: Prokaryotic & microscopic5
Prokaryotic & microscopic
Most have a rigid cell wall made of proteins
Aerobic (= require oxygen) & anaerobic (= does not require oxygen)
Some are pathogenic – cause disease
Live almost everywhere (except in extreme conditions like Archae) – including IN & ON other organisms
Some can survive harsh times through an endospore

5. More Eubacteria Characteristics:
Usually in the form of one of the following: coccus (=spherical shaped), bacillus (= rod shaped), or spirillus (=spiral shaped)
These shapes can form groupings, strands, or chains

6. Method of Nutrition
Most are heterotrophic – by consuming or decomposing other organisms
Some are autotrophic and produce their own food because they are photosynthetic
Ex: Cyanobacteria – believed to be the organism
responsible for creating the first oxygen in our
atmosphere

7. Method of Reproduction
Asexual – binary fission

8. The Good & The Bad of Bacteria
produce oxygen
start some food chains
nitrogen fixing for plants
major decomposers
used to make foods
used to make medicines
normal flora
used for bioremediation
used in genetic engineering
pathogenic – can cause disease
in all other organisms
Streptococcus pneumonia
*normal flora – the normal/necessary microorganisms that live IN or ON another organism
Streptococcus mutans

9. Bioremediation & Genetic Engineering
Bioremediation – a process that uses micro-organisms (i.e. bacteria) to change hazardous materials from industry, farms, and cities into harmless ones. In other words, they are used to clean up our messes.
Genetic Engineering - technologies that use micro-organisms to change the genetic makeup of other cells by moving genes across species. These new organisms are then used in things like insecticides, cleaners, and adhesives.

10. Bioremediation Deep Horizon Oil Spill of 2010 Lasted three months
Biggest marine oil spill in Earth’s history – over 780 million liters of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico

11. Genetic Engineering
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