1. Sharing Anxiety: Do Legal Obligations and Open Standards Help?
Dr. Ingo Simonis, OGC June 2017
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2. Reasons for Data Sharing
Methodological R.
Societal Reasons
replication of analyses
public trust
data preservation
human rights
scientific progress
Replication: The ability to replicate results of analyses is a fundamental element of the scientific process, but for many types of time-sensitive environmental data, replication is possible only if the original data are available for reanalysis. 
Data Preservation. Data that are not systematically archived are frequently lost as a result of computer failures, software obsolescence, or simple neglect. 
Scientific Progress: The scientific community, as a whole, benefits from the ability to discover, access, and analyze diverse data sets. 
Data Integrity: Multiple users make it more likely that deficiencies in data will come to light. 
Public Trust: In the face of controversy, the willingness to share data can be a key factor in increasing public trust in the results of scientific research. 
Human Rights: Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights dictates that everyone has the right to “enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications,” but failure to share data restricts that right. 
data integrity
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3. Sharing Anxiety Drivers
Costs of data production
Analyses “reserved” for future generations
Fear of being scooped
Data privacy and security concerns
Metadata …
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5. Other Domains Work Better
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6. Other Domains Work Better
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Other Domains
Other domains with huge efforts is genomic medicine. But sharing the data is just one first step. Linking to clinical studies and information is an essential next step.
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8. Data Sharing Challenges
technology for data sharing
rewards / incentives
inaccessible dataset
publicly accessible dataset
legal frameworks
ethical
values
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Legal Side
Acts/Laws/Regulations/Framework agreements
Policies
Code of practice
Charging mechanisms
Tests/Proof
Compliance
Coordination (of data and service sharing)
Transparency (on the data)
Licenses …
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Open Standards Help
Standards key for interoperability: Seamless flow of information
Require initial higher investments, but positive ROI
Legal frameworks without open standards do not work
Open standards need to take rewarding mechanisms into account
Open standards need to be backed by tools
Open standards are often a communication, not so much a technical challenge
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