1. Four basic structures of developmental paragraphs
Composition
Four basic structures of developmental paragraphs

2. Deductive paragraph Begins with a general statement
Follows with specifics
The general statement is the TOPIC SENTENCE
The specifics are DETAILS that prove the topic sentence
Topic sentence needs keywords for the topic, cp, and point of development

3. Example of a deductive paragraph
Beneficial and harmful links exist between human health and ocean health. While several important medical treatments are based on chemicals discovered in marine animals, increasingly common phenomena such as harmful algal blooms have demonstrated their negative impact on human health. The health of marine ecosystems is affected by human activities such as pollution, global warming, and over fishing. But human health in turn depends on thriving ocean ecosystems.

4. Inductive paragraph Begins with many specifics
Ends with a general statement
The specifics are details that will help lead to a conclusion
The general statement at the end is the TOPIC SENTENCE or the CONCLUSION drawn from the details

5. Example of an inductive paragraph
Oceans have ingredients which can benefit human health. Several important medical treatments are based on chemicals discovered in marine animals. On the other hand, increasingly common phenomena such as harmful algal blooms have demonstrated their negative impact on human health. The health of marine ecosystems is affected by human activities such as pollution, global warming, and over fishing. But at the same time, human health depends on thriving ocean ecosystems. We need a better understanding of the many ways marine organisms affect human health, both positively by providing drugs and bio-products, and negatively by causing human ailments.

6. Deductive/inductive paragraph
Begins with a general statement
Follows with specifics
Ends with a general statement
The general statement is the TOPIC SENTENCE
The specifics are DETAILS that prove the topic sentence
The general statement at the end is the CLINCHER SENTENCE or the CONCLUSION drawn from the details

7. Inductive-deductive paragraph
Begins with specifics
General statement is in the middle of the paragraph
Ends with specifics
This paragraph usually reflects a cause and effect relationship
The topic sentence is in the middle of the paragraph.

8. What does a topic sentence need to include
KEYWORDS
Topic
Controlling purpose
Type of paper
Point of development
Transitional word
EXAMPLE
The first type of violence used by the Ku Klux Klan that instilled fear into the freedmen was appearing at night dressed in white.

9. Putting in the information in an outline
POD 1 – Using white robes
Topic sentence – The KKK used white robes to frighten Freedmen and show their white supremacy.
-Identify the klan members
what they believed in (POD 1 card 1)
– why they wore white (POD 1 card 2)
how this frightened freedmen (POD 1 card 3)

10. Now write information is the form of a paragraph from your outline
NOTE: Read your note cards then put them aside. Without the note cards, write the paragraph without looking at them. When completed, look at your notes and document or insert direct quotes.
The first type of violence used by the Ku Klux Klan that instilled fear into the freedmen was appearing at night dressed in white. Most of the members of the KKK were WASP, white, Anglo-Saxon protestants. They saw the color “white” as a symbol of purity. Since the klan wanted to keep the race pure, the white robes became a representation of their believing that the white race was the pure and superior race. In addition, the members did not want their identities known so the robes served a second purpose of hiding the faces of the klan members. Consequently, these white robed men whose identities were concealed, rode toward the homes of black men at night carrying torches appearing through the dark as ghost-like spirits haunting and frightening the blacks they tormented into following the Jim Crow laws that governed the South after Reconstruction.

11. Now add the need documentation
With MLA, after a paraphrase or direct quote, the citations need to appear to give credit to the author. The information appears like this (last 4). The period goes AFTER the ).
The first type of violence used by the Ku Klux Klan that instilled fear into the freedmen was appearing at night dressed in white. Most of the members of the KKK were WASP, white, Anglo-Saxon protestants. They “saw the color “white” as a symbol of purity” (Smith 2). Since the klan wanted to keep the race pure, the white robes became a representation of their believing that the white race was the pure and superior race (Jones 4-5). In addition, the members did not want their identities known so the robes served a second purpose of hiding the faces of the klan members. Consequently, these white robed men whose identities were concealed, rode toward the homes of black men at night carrying torches appearing through the dark as ghost-like spirits haunting and frightening the blacks they tormented into following the Jim Crow laws that governed the South after Reconstruction (“Rider” ¶).

12. Purpose of writing/paragraph/details
To explain
An explanatory paragraph is a paragraph that explains a certain issue, tells how or why something happens, and explores the causes and effects of certain events.
To entertain
To argue or persuade

13. Types of details in a developmental paragraph
Definition
Description
Chronological
Spatial
Analytical
Compare
Contrast
Statistics
Cause and effect
Single example
Multiple examples
Problem/solution
Question/answer

14. Types of transitional devices in paragraphs
Cause
Effect
since
because
due to
as a result of
thus
therefore
hence
if...then
Similarities
Differences
similar to
both
also
as well
too
in contrast
however
on the other hand
differs from
while
unlike
Order
Time
first, second, third...
in the beginning
then
before
at last
finally
recently
when
previously
afterwards

15. Typical structure of a paragraph
Topic sentence
Definition
Example
Statistics
Examples
Events in chronological order
Decription
Cause
Topic sentence
Effect
cause
Topic sentence
Element one of comparison
Transition
Element two of comparison
Clincher
Element one of contrast
Element two of contrast