1. Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University ARCTAS Mission Scientist
SOURCES OF POLLUTION TO THE ARCTIC: INSIGHTS FROM ARCTAS AND SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS
Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard University
ARCTAS Mission Scientist

2. ARCTIC RESEARCH OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE TROPOSPHERE FROM AIRCRAFT AND SATELLITES (ARCTAS)
A NASA contribution to IPY and the international POLARCAT initiative focused on four scientific themes:
1. Long-range transport of pollution to the Arctic (arctic haze,
tropospheric ozone, mercury)
2. Boreal forest fires (implications for atmospheric composition and climate)
3. Aerosol radiative forcing (from arctic haze, boreal fires, surface-deposited
black carbon, and other perturbations)
4. Chemical processes (with focus on radical chemistry and implications for ozone, aerosols, mercury)
NASA DC-8
NASA Satellite A-Train
NASA P-3B
NASA B-200
Spring deployment, 1-20 April 2008: Fairbanks and Barrow
Summer deployment, 26 June – 13 July 2008: Cold Lake (Alberta) and Yellowknife

3. ARCTAS Field Campaign Strategy: Maximize the value of satellite data for improving models of atmospheric composition and climate
Satellite instruments: CALIOP, GOME-2, IASI, OMI, TES, MLS, SCIAMACHY, MODIS, MISR, MOPITT, AIRS
Aerosol optical depth, properties
H2O, CO, methane, ozone, NO2, HCHO, SO2, BrO
Calibration and Validation
Retrieval development
Correlative information
Small scale structure and processes
Aircraft: DC-8, P-3B, B200
Comprehensive in situ chemical and aerosol
measurements
Active remote sensing of ozone, water vapor
and aerosol optical properties
Passive radiance measurements
Error characterization
Data assimilation
Diagnostic studies
Models: CTMs, GCMs, ESMs
Source-receptor relationships for pollution
Inverse modeling for estimating emissions
Aerosol radiative forcing
Detailed chemical processing

4. ARCTAS PLATFORMS DC-8 P-3B B-200 Supporting teams in the field:
Chemistry and Aerosols Radiation and Aerosols Aerosol satellite validation
21 instruments
9 Instruments
HSRL – CALIPSO
RSP – GLORY
DC-8
(185 flight hours)
P-3B
(158 flight hours)
B-200
(150 flight hours)
Spring (1-20 April)
9 sorties
8 sorties
27 sorties
Summer (26 Jun-13 July)
12 Sorties
21 Sorties
Supporting teams in the field:
Satellites: CALIPSO, MODIS, TES, OMI, AIRS, MISR, MOPITT
Model forecasts/analyses: GEOS-5, GOCART, GEOS-Chem, STEM, MOZART, LaRC
Ground: UAF, NATIVE, ARC-IONS

5. SPRING DEPLOYMENT (April 1-20, 2008)
Eureka
ISDAC
ARCPAC
ozonesondes
(ARC-IONS)
Focus on mid-latitude pollution transport, radiative forcing of Arctic haze, radical chemistry including halogens

6. SUMMER DEPLOYMENT (June 26 – July 13, 2008)
Summit
POLARCAT-GRACE
POLARCAT-CNRS
Pre-HIPPO
Focus on boreal forest fires

7. MODIS FIRE COUNTS DURING ARCTAS
April 2008
July 2008
Unusually early April start for Siberian fire season
Fires in N. Saskatchewan, California, E. Siberia in June-July

8. MOPITT Anomalies for ARCTAS periods (2008)
Difference from 9-yr monthly means; V4 column retrievals
April
June
July
need to update to V4
L. Emmons, NCAR 8

9. CO AND ACETONITRILE (SPRING)
A. Wisthaler, U. Innsbruck; G. Diskin, NASA LaRC

10. MAJOR CHEMICAL SIGNATURES IN ARCTAS DATA (SPRING)
EOF analysis of aircraft observations
Stratospheric air
Biomass burning
Anthropogenic pollution
stratosphere
biomass
burning
anthropogenic
Q. Liang,
NASA GSFC

11. MOZART-4 CO column contributions – April 1-19
updated
L. Emmons, NCAR 11

12. CO tags from MOZART over Alaska
ARCTAS (April 1-19)
ARCPAC (April 11-23)
Comparison of CO contributions during ARCTAS and ARCPAC
Fire contribution is a bit higher during ARCPAC period than when including the first part of April
Anthropogenic sources still dominate the CO distribution
L. Emmons, NCAR

13. MOZART-4 CO column contributions – June 26-July 14
updated
L. Emmons, NCAR 13

14. MEAN AEROSOL LATITUDE-ALTITUDE CURTAINS
sulfate
ammonium
nitrate
sea salt
dust
SPRING
170W-135W OC EC
60N
> 7 km
2-7 km
0-2 km
SUMMER
Note that further interpretations will be made using the detailed in-situ measurements and the trajectory analyses as done for previous campaigns.
Also, this is another data set that could be compared to the model results for the high latitudes as have been done in previous campaigns.
60N
J. Hair, NASA LaRC;
J. Dibb, UNH;
B. Anderson, NASA LaRC 14

15. SULFATE IN ARCTAS (spring)
SO2 from G. Huey (GIT), sulfate from J. Dibb (UNH) compared to GEOS-Chem model
dominant source in the model is from Asian pollution
overestimate may reflect insufficient scavenging from Asian outflow (cold clouds)
J. Fisher, Harvard

16. MEAN C AEROSOL PROFILES (spring)
Organic Carbon (OC)
Black Carbon (BC)
DC-8
GEOS-Chem
fires/anthro
no model
scavenging
below 258 K
model scavenging
at all T
Observed OC correlates with CH3CN (r > 0.4) below 7 km but not above;
Observed BC correlates with CH3CN below 2 km and with sulfate above
Q. Wang, Harvard; B. Anderson, NASA LaRC

17. C AEROSOL DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE ARCTIC (April)
Mean tropospheric concentrations simulated by GEOS-Chem OC BC
Elevated values over Alaska are not representative of the Arctic
Q. Wang, Harvard

18. MEAN OZONE LATITUDE-ALTITUDE CURTAINS
SPRING
170W-135W
60N
SUMMER
Note that further interpretations will be made using the detailed in-situ measurements and the trajectory analyses as done for previous campaigns.
Also, this is another data set that could be compared to the model results for the high latitudes as have been done in previous campaigns.
60N
J. Hair (NASA LaRC) 18

19. OZONE-CO RELATIONSHIPS
ARCTAS – Spring
ARCTAS – Summer
Anthropogenic airmass:
∆O3/∆CO = 0.05
Stratospheric airmass
Anthropogenic airmass:
∆O3/∆CO = 0.08
Biomass burning:
∆O3/∆CO = -0.03
Biomass burning:
∆O3/∆CO = 0.28
Little indication of ozone production in fire or anthropogenic plumes in summer, ozone production in Russian fire plumes in April (aging?)
Q. Liang, NASA GSFC

20. OZONE SOURCE ANALYSIS FROM OZONESONDES (summer)
Stratospheric influence is present in summer but small
A. Luzic, PSU

21. METHANE TIME SERIES, APRIL-JULY
ARCTAS bookends pre-HIPPO
ARCTAS (summer)
ARCTAS (spring)
Pre-HIPPO
Hudson Bay
lowlands
stratosphere
Observed
GEOS-Chem
April May June July
C. Pickett-Heaps, Harvard; G. Diskin, NASA LaRC; S. Wofsy, Harvard

22. Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada

23. METHANE VERTICAL PROFILES IN HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS
May Jun Jul Jul Jul 5
Model
Obs.
pre-HIPPO
pre-HIPPO
ARCTAS
ARCTAS
ARCTAS
Onset of source in late June?
Model source of 5 Tg a-1 in Hudson Bay Lowlands (Jed Kaplan bottom-up inventory) matches observations but is much higher than previous estimates (0.5-2 Tg a-1)
C. Pickett-Heaps, Harvard; G. Diskin, NASA LaRC; S. Wofsy, Harvard

24. ELEMENTAL MERCURY IN ARCTAS (spring)
Vertical profile
Correlation with CO
model
obs
median
Observations
Model
no clear
correlation
w/anything
pollution
Stratospheric mixing line
Surface mercury depletion events
C. Holmes, Harvard; R. Talbot, UNH