1. Terrestrial-atmosphere (1)
Land-atmosphere interactions will be better represented with higher resolution – e.g. surface fluxes, hydrology, trace gases due to importance of surface heterogeneity on these processes
What is the role of spatial and temporal heterogeneities in driving the coupled Arctic climate system and its response to climate change?
What are the consequences of land-atmosphere feedbacks on the Arctic climate system?
How do changes in the terrestrial surface (snow cover, land cover, hydrology, fires) affect things like precipitation recycling or clouds?
How will large-scale expansion of shrublands affect Arctic climate dynamics?
Thresholds are more dramatic in Arctic due to phase change

2. Terrestrial-atmosphere (2)
Model intercomparison projects
Component model development projects
Dynamic vegetation modeling, canopy exchange
Snow redistribution model projects
Permafrost modeling and its impact on hydrology, surface energy balance, carbon cycle
Stable boundary layer
Hydrology and soil moisture
ice sheets and glaciers
biogeochemical models, trace gas emissions
Validation
Permafrost mapping
Data rescue and recovery
Station-based and remote sensing
Optimal network design
Identification of key data products, anything that can be measured
Dave McGuire figure

3. Terrestrial-atmosphere (3)
Modeling
NASA Global modeling assimilation effort, incorporating SWE and soil moisture
NEESPI, potential biogeochemical and land cover model intercomparison
Adaptive-mesh regional and global modeling
Validation
IPY and other Arctic data collection efforts
Arctic Observing Network
Arctic system reanalysis

4. Terrestrial-atmosphere (4)

5. Terrestrial-atmosphere (5)
Questions relating to societal impact
Can we downscale to be able to answer site-specific questions?
How do we represent heterogeneous sub-grid processes at regional grid-scales?
How do we use site-specific measurements to validate regional-scale model?
Focus til now has been on getting a regional coupled model to work
How do specific environmental variables change (snow cover, extremes) in response to climate change?

6. Terrestrial-atmosphere (6)
Food and energy security (e.g. can grow barley in Arctic but it can’t dry for harvest)
Pollution, mercury from coal-fired power plants
Role of stable boundary layer in pollution and smoke transports
Water resources
Arctic as a potential resource for future energy production (water, wind, biofuels, geothermal)
Integrated assessment models
WRF-Chem

7. Terrestrial-atmosphere (7)
Arctic watershed
Shrub tussock or treeline boundaries
Seasonal snow cover
Areal extent of the cryosphere