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Discovery of Cells 1600’s Anton Van Leeuwenhoek made some of the earliest microscopes Robert Hooke Published book of drawings of microscopic observations Hooke called the rectangular chambers in cork “Cells”
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Discovery of Cells 1839 Theodor Schwann found cell structure in animal tissues Schwann concluded that animals were made of cells Robert Brown found the nucleus in some cells Matthias Schleiden suggested that the nucleus played a part in cell reproduction 1855 Rudolf Virchow studied cell reproduction Virchow concluded that Plant and Animal cells are created by the division of preexisting cells
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Modern Cell Theory 1- All living things are composed of cells
2- Cells are the smallest working units of living things 3- All cells come from preexisting cells by cell division
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Types of cells There are two types of cells - Prokaryotic - Eukaryotic
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Types of cells - Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or organelles Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria
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Types of cells - Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic cells have at least one nucleus and other organelles Eukaryotic cells are found in Plants, Animals, Protists, and Fungus.
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Organelle essentials Cell wall
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Cell wall - made of cellulose, very porous,
gives cell support, found in plants Found outside of cell membrane
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Organelle essentials Cell membrane
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Cell membrane
- controls what enters and exits cell, Structure, 2 lipid layers with protein and carbohydrate molecules embedded in it
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Organelle essentials Cytoplasm
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Cytoplasm - cell fluid
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Organelle essentials Cytoskeleton
- made of microfilaments and microtubules
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Cytoskeleton
- made of microfilaments and microtubules - microfilaments - long solid protein structures - microtubules - long hollow protein structures Used for support and movement in the cell
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Organelle essentials Plastids - found only in plants
Includes the following 3 types... Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, and Leucoplasts
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Organelle essentials Chloroplast
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Chloroplast - place for photosynthesis,
Contain green disks “grana” and fluid “stroma”
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Organelle essentials Chromoplast
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Chromoplast - container for pigment (color)
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Organelle essentials Leucoplast
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Leucoplast - container for starch
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Organelle essentials Vacuoles
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Vacuoles - containers for water in plants,
for food and water and waste in animals
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Organelle essentials Lysosomes
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Lysosomes - container for digestive enzymes
sometimes called “suicide sacs”
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Organelle essentials Nucleus
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Nucleus - controls cell - contains genetic info
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Organelle essentials Nuclear Envelope
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Nuclear Envelope
- controls what enter and exits nucleus - Made of membrane contains many pores
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Organelle essentials Nucleolus
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Nucleolus - inside nucleus, makes ribosomes
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Organelle essentials Chromosomes
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Chromosomes - inside nucleus, made of chromatin
- contain the genetic material (DNA)
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Organelle essentials Mitochondrion
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Mitochondrion - “Powerhouse of the cell”
site for “cellular respiration” (Burning food to release energy) folded membrane inside is called cristae
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Organelle essentials Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
-pathways in the cell rough Endoplasmic Reticulum -Many ribosomes smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum -Few ribosomes
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Organelle essentials Ribosomes
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Ribosomes - Site for Building proteins
- Sometimes called “Protein Factories”
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Organelle essentials Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies)
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies)
- modifies, folds, and packages protein
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Organelle essentials Centrioles
- Help in nuclear division in animal cells
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Organelle essentials
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Organelle essentials Centrioles
- Help in nuclear division in animal cells
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First 5 minutes Put your Final Jar Project Together and Turn it in at the Lab Bench with the Sign
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