1. EARTH SCIENCE
Scientific Method

2. The world is full of problems!

3. A set of procedures a scientist would follow in solving a problem!
Scientific Method
A set of procedures a scientist would follow in solving a problem!

4. Scientific Method
1. Define the Problem

5. 2. Collect Data on the Problem
Scientific Method
2. Collect Data on the Problem

6. Information from which conclusions can be made.
What is Data?
Information from which conclusions can be made.

7. Where Can You Obtain Data?

8. Scientific Method
3. Draw a Hypothesis

9. Scientific Method
What is a Hypothesis
An Educated Guess!

10. Scientific Method
Choose ALL of the statements below that are stated as a hypothesis.
Baking powder is used in biscuits.
The brighter the color of an orange, the juicier the fruit.
Brass contains copper and zinc.
Most apples are red, but some are yellow.
The faster a river flows, the greater the erosion.

11. Which of the following is NOT a suitable hypothesis for the study?
Scientific Method
Some chickens lay an egg every day. Other chickens produce few eggs. A study is planned to examine factors that might affect the number of eggs produced by chickens.
Which of the following is NOT a suitable hypothesis for the study?

12. Scientific Method
If chickens receive more hours of light, then they will produce more eggs.
If more eggs are produced by chickens, then they lose more weight.
If the cage for chickens is larger, then they will produce more eggs.
If there is more protein in the feed, then more eggs are produced.

13. 4. Plan & Perform an Experiment
Scientific Method
4. Plan & Perform an Experiment

14. For an Experiment to be VALID, it needs
Scientific Method
For an Experiment to be VALID, it needs
A Control Group
A Test Group

15. Scientific Method
Students in a science class placed ice cubes in a cup. They were studying variables that affected how long it takes the ice to melt.

16. Temperature of the room
Scientific Method
Select the variable that would most likely NOT affect the time it takes the ice to melt.
Size of cup
Number of students
Size of ice cube
Temperature of the room

17. To be VALID, there can only be 1 VARIABLE!
Scientific Method
Example
A student pours 100 mL of hot water carefully into one beaker and pours 100 mL of cold water into another beaker. He drops a lump of sugar into each beaker and times how long it will take each sugar cube to dissolve. Will this experiment show the effect water temperature has on the rate at which sugar dissolves?
To be VALID, there can only be 1 VARIABLE!

18. Scientific Method
A student pours 100 mL of hot water carefully into one beaker and pours 100 mL of cold water into another beaker. He drops a lump of sugar into each beaker and times how long it will take each sugar cube to dissolve. Will this experiment show the effect water temperature has on the rate at which sugar dissolves?

19. To be VALID, there can only be 1 VARIABLE!
Scientific Method
Example
A scientist designs an experiment to see if plants need sunshine to grow. Twenty four growing plants are placed in a dark closet. Two weeks later, all the plants are dead. Does this experiment prove that plants need sunshine?
To be VALID, there can only be 1 VARIABLE!

20. There are 2 types of Variables?
Scientific Method
There are 2 types of Variables?
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable

21. Scientific Method Dependent Variable
What you measure in an experiment.
What is being affected during an experiment.

22. A group of identical plants are grown with different nitrogen levels.
Scientific Method
A group of identical plants are grown with different nitrogen levels.

23. What is the dependent variable?
Scientific Method
What is the dependent variable?
Plant Height
Nitrogen Level

24. Scientific Method Independent Variable
This is what is changed to test a hypothesis.
What is causing the affect during an experiment.

25. A group of identical plants are grown with different colors of light.
Scientific Method
A group of identical plants are grown with different colors of light.

26. What is the Independent Variable?
Scientific Method
What is the Independent Variable?
Color of Light
Plant Height

27. What is the Independent Variable in this experiment?
Scientific Method
What is the Independent Variable in this experiment?

28. Independent Variable = Soil Type
Scientific Method
Independent Variable = Soil Type

29. 5. Collect & Record Your Observations
Scientific Method
5. Collect & Record Your Observations

30. Can be observed but not measured!
Measurements
Qualitative
Non-Numerical
Can be observed but not measured!

31. Can be observed and measured!
Measurements
Quanitative
Numerical
Can be observed and measured!

32. Qualitative or Quantitative?
Mass
Size pH
Color
Salt deposits form.

33. Accuracy & Precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured.

34. Accuracy & Precision
Precision refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.

35. Accurate &/or Precise?

36. Power of the Graph! Chart Graph Organizes Data ☺ ☺ Displays Data ☺ ☺
Predicts Data ☺

37. Scientific Method
6. Draw a Conclusion

38. Scientific Theory
Represents a hypotheses, or a group of related hypotheses, which has been confirmed through repeated experimental tests.

39. What is wrong with the above experiment?
Scientific Method
A student decides to set up an experiment to see if cats preferred skim milk or 2%milk. She put out a cup of milk and a cup of 2%milk. Both milks were served at the same temperature. She then measured which type and how much milk her 5 kittens drank over the course of a day. The student discovered that the cats liked the 2% more than the skim milk.
What is wrong with the above experiment?

40. 7. Communicate Your Findings
Scientific Method
7. Communicate Your Findings

41. Scientific Method