1. Waves

2. Waves
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place.
Energy is defined as the ability to do work.

3. What Causes Waves?
Waves are created when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate.
A moving object has energy. The moving object can transfer energy to a nearby medium, creating a wave.

4. What are some sources
Wind- waves on water

5. What are some sources
Boat propeller

6. What are some sources
Earthquake- Seismic Wave

7. What are some sources
Jet brakes the sound barrier

8. What are some sources
Sun’s Nuclear Fusion- Electromagnetic waves

9. Types of Waves There are two main types of waves Mechanical waves
Electromagnetic waves

10. Mechanical Waves These waves require something to travel through.
The material through which a wave travels is called a medium.
Waves that require a medium through which to travel are called Mechanical Waves.

11. Electromagnetic Waves
These waves can travel through empty space or through matter.
These form when charged particles vibrate.
Many of these waves come to us from space such as the energy from the sun.
Once the wave reaches earth, it can travel through matter as well.

12. Speed of Mechanical Waves

13. This means they travel at 300, 000, 000 m/s
Speed of EM Waves
This means they travel at 300, 000, 000 m/s

14. Although waves travel through a medium, they do not carry the medium itself with them.

15. The medium itself goes nowhere
The medium itself goes nowhere.  The individual atoms and molecules in the medium oscillate about their equilibrium position, but their average position does not change.  As they interact with their neighbors, they transfer some of their energy to them.  The neighboring atoms in turn transfer this energy to their neighbors down the line.  In this way the energy is transported throughout the medium, without the transport of any matter.

16. Types of wave Movement Transverse waves Longitudinal waves
Surface Waves

17. Transverse Waves
If the displacement of the individual atoms or molecules is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling, the wave is called a transverse wave.

18. Longitudinal Waves
In a longitudinal wave the particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation

19. Surface Waves
Surface waves are combinations of transverse and longitudinal waves.
These waves occur at the surface of two mediums,
water and air
Earth and air

20. Water Waves
Water waves are an example of waves that involve a combination of both longitudinal and transverse motions.
As a wave travels through the water, the particles travel in clockwise circles.

21. Surface Waves

22. Rayleigh surface waves
Another example of waves with both longitudinal and transverse motion may be found in solids as Rayleigh surface waves.
The particles in a solid, through which a wave passes, trace out a clockwise ellipse

23. Properties of waves Amplitude Wavelength Frequency Speed
The maximum distance the particles of the medium carrying the wave move away from rest positions.
Wavelength
The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave.
Frequency
The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time.
Speed
Speed=Wavelength x frequency

24. Wavelength of Transverse Waves

25. Wavelength of Mechanical Waves

26. Amplitude of Transverse Waves

27. Amplitude of Longitudinal Waves

28. Frequency of Transverse Waves

29. Frequency of Mechanical Waves
Wave A has less frequency than Wave B

30. Waves Transfers energy
Often travels through a medium (Gas, liquid, solid)
Medium is NOT carried along
Created when energy causes a vibration
Wind-
Waves on water
Boat propeller
Earthquake-Seismic Wave
Jet brakes sound barrier
Sun’s Nuclear Fusion- electromagnetic waves

31. Waves move at right angles Longitudinal Waves
Types of Waves
Transverse Waves
Waves move at right angles
Longitudinal Waves
Push Pull Waves
Surface Waves
Transverse AND Longitudinal