1. Manufacturing
Turning raw materials into goods which we need or want and are able to sell to others.

2. Manufacturing Requires: Special buildings or places of work
Organisation of people
Organisation of tools & equipment
Communication systems
Efficient working methods
Health and safety considerations

3. Manufacturing
Primary Processing
Secondary Processing

4. Primary Processing Turning raw materials into useful stock sizes
Materials come from:
Out of the ground
Animals
Trees & plants
Oil

5. Making Paper Boiled up to make wood pulp Trees cut & shredded
Water added
Chemicals and dyes added
Pulp poured over fine mesh and squeezed between rollers

6. Secondary Processing Casting & moulding Forming
Wastage (or separation)
Conditioning
Assembling
Finishing

7. Casting & Moulding
Die Casting
Food Moulding
Injection Moulding

8. Forming
Pressing
Line Bending
Drop Forging

9. Wastage
Milling
Turning
Sawing

10. Conditioning
Cooking
Heat Treatment

11. Assembling
Self Assembly
Factory Assembly

12. Finishing
Painting
Printing

13. Manufacturing Costs Energy Finance Plant Raw Materials Labour Costs
(or Automation)
Transportation

14. Scales of Production One-off or Jobbing Production Batch Production
Mass or Flow Production
Continuous Production

15. Just in Time Shared information systems Reduced lead times
Less finance tied up in stock

16. Flexible Manufacturing
Benefits of one-off production at mass production prices
Only possible with ICT

17. Quality Issues Consistency Right first time every time
Working to tolerances
Materials in as well as products out

18. Quality Assurance
Procedures to manage all functions which affect quality
QA checks the systems
Monitors processes
Applies standards
Part of the Total Quality Management (TQM) of the company

19. Quality control One part of QA
A series of checks – size, strength, weight, taste etc.

20. Tolerances Acceptable range of difference from standard
Sometimes measured in plus/minus
No product manufactured in quantity can be considered to be perfect in every detail

21. Certification
Manufacturers who work to recognised standards are awarded certification

22. BS EN ISO 9000:2000
One of the most important series of standards, these provide companies with a framework for developing a set of processes that ensure a common sense approach to the management of the organisation.