1. Champion Clean Technology
is more than
Green
Champion
Clean Technology =
SLS + ZVS PFC
Everyone's 90+

2. Champion Clean Technology Green
is more than
Green

3. Noise Free LCD TV AC Adapter Consumer Electronics Server Enterprise PC
96% x 96% = 92.16%
Soft Switching PFC
&
Soft Switching
PWM
Noise Free
Everyone’s 90+
for
LCD TV
AC Adapter
Consumer Electronics
Server
Enterprise PC

4. 96% x 96% = 92.16%
96+ SLS, SRC/LLC + SR CM6900/1
96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
94% x 96% = 90.24%
96+ SLS, SRC/LLC + SR CM6900/1
94+ ZVS-Like Single PFC CM6502S
94% x 96% = 90.24%
96+ SLS, SRC /LLC + SR CM6900/1
94+ Single PFC +Stand By CM6802SA75

5. CCM Qrr 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
Idea Invented by Tom Li and Jeffrey H. Hwang around mid 1996
DCM
Has too much input ripple current
Problem
High Switching Loss at turn on, it limits the efficiency performance and
it limits PFC switching frequency.
CCM Qrr
Problem
DCM or CRM EMI becomes challenge

6. 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
Idea Invented by Tom Li and Jeffrey H. Hwang around mid 1996
No High Ripple Current Issues
to EMI filter, It is CCM.
No Qrr Issues,
to Diodes, It is DCM.
CM6565 does not need Silicon Carbide diode!

7. Simplified Block Diagram Like Two 6561 With 180 degree Phase Shift
One High Voltage resistor,
Rac resistor to provide Iac, Vrms1 and Vrms2
Gain Modulator
for
Universal Input
&
Constant Power
96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
Simplified Block Diagram
ISENSEslave could be disabled
Like Two 6561
With
180 degree Phase Shift
PGB:
A I/O with photo couple to
Control CM6900/1

8. To Design 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
Rslave = Rmaster

9. To Design 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
Turn Ratio goes up, Efficiency can go up and THD goes up as well
ISENSE MASTER Short with ~ 140uS Timer Protection
Rslave = Rmaster

10. To Design 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565 To Disable Latch Function

11. To Design 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
90+, SLS SRC/LLC System sine wave output cannot be recognized by the secondary housekeeping IC. A Photo Couple with I/O of CM6565 can send the 380V ready signal to interface the regular house keeping IC.
At Light Load, PFC drops one phase, slave phase and PFC boost output 380V will drop to 342V. It boosts the light load efficiency further.

12. To Design 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
90+, SLS, SRC/LLC sine wave output cannot be recognized by the secondary housekeeping IC. A Photo Couple with I/O of CM6565 can send the 380V ready signal to interface the regular house keeping IC.
At Light Load, PFC drops one phase, slave phase and PFC boost output 380V will drop to 342V. It boosts the light load efficiency further.

13. To Design 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
To Disable Light Load Functions
To Prohibit Light Load Function, which will run only one phase, master phase only and let 380V drops to 342V, is to add a 4V or 5V zener diode to disable the function.

14. The 1st Step: Set Vrms1 =2.50V @Vin = 80Vac
Vrms1 (pin4)
AC Brown Out
For CM6565, Vrms1 does not need to take high voltage input signals.
It takes current mirror signal from IAC (pin1).
For Vin = 80Vac, Vrms1 (pin 4) ~ 2.50V
With 600mV p-p, peak to peak ripple, it on at 89.6Vac, and off at 73.6Vac
With 700mV p-p, peak to peak ripple, it on at 85.0Vac, and off at 75.38Vac
Vrms 1
3.00V
2.65V
2.50V
Vin = Vac
2.35V
Vin = Vac
Vin = Vac
2.00V
The 1st Step: Set Vrms1 = 80Vac

15. No Load Consumption improved!
Vrm1, Vrms2 and IAC
No Load Consumption improved!
Pole 1 at 43 Hz or lower
Pole 2 at 10 Hz

16. To Increase AC Brown Out Hysteresis
R pfc fb ~ 3Mega ohm
Vrms1
[V]
x R
Low Line
Vrms2
1.0 x R
[Sec]
High Line
When PFC is off

17. If Rpfc ↓, Hysteresis value goes up!
To Increase AC Brown Out Hysteresis
Original Hysteresis is 1.0V
AC BrownOut Thresholds are not changed:
Vrms1 > 3.0V will turn on PFC
Vrms1 < 2.0V will turn off PFC
&
Target Vrms1 value is 2.50V at Vac = 80Vac
Target Vrms2 value is 1.125V at Vac =80Vac
[V]
Low Line
[Sec]
Hysteresis we add by R pfc fb ~ 3Mega ohm
When PFC is off
If Rpfc ↓, Hysteresis value goes up!

18. for AC Adapter or Apple iMac Power No Load Consumption improved!
CM6565 IAC Self Start
No Stand by
for AC Adapter or Apple iMac Power
Total
4.7MOhm to 6M Ohm
No Load Consumption improved!

19. 96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
Key Features:
@ 115Vac: Efficiency is ~ without Silicon Carbite
OVP, ISENSE 0.9V latch (it can be disabled.), Too Long On Protection, Time Out Timer, Trifault Protection…
Precision 0.5V maximum ISENSEmaster and ISENSEslave threshold
85mV ZCDmaster
180 degree phase shift between master CRM PFC and slave CRM PFC
ZCS + About ZVS
Dynamic Soft PFC: Allow Fast On/Off
IAC, Vrms1, Vrms2: One resistor to sense high voltage input to reduce no load consumption
AC Brown Out: Digital One
To fast-self-start function can improve no load consumption for Apple Mac Power Design
PGB open drain output for SLS, SRC/LLC topology next stage converter interface
User Programmable PG low threshold
Slew Rate Enhanced GM allows large signals speed > 3 x small signal speed
Light Load Functions: It can be disabled
380V drops 342V
2 phases become 1 phase, PFCMaster
Patented Technologies
CM6565 does not need Silicon Carbide diode!

20. 96% x 96% = 92.16%
96+ SLS, SRC/ LLC + SR CM6901/1A
96+ Interleaved CRM PFC CM6565
94% x 96% = 90.24%
96+ SLS, SRC/LLC + SR CM6901/1A
94+ ZVS-Like Single PFC CM6502S
94% x 96% = 88.32%
96+ SLS, SRC/LLC + SR CM6901/1A
94+ Single PFC +Stand By CM6802SA75

21. 96+ SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
Majority of Switching Converter is
a fixed frequency PWM converter +
Light Load PWMing
SR Ideal Diode PWMing
2 X PWMings
96+ SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) CM6901/1A: FM +
2 PWMings:
Light Load PWMing
SR Ideal Diode PWMing

22. 96+ SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
Operating Region
Real Inductor, Lr
Parasitic Inductors, Lr & Lm
f (Hz)
Vo/Vin SR SR Vo Vo
380V to 280V Hold-Up-Time Load Line
380V Steady State Load Line
Full Bridge Or
Half Bridge
Full Bridge Or
Half Bridge
PFC Boost Output,
380V
PFC Boost Output,
380V
Vin
Vin SR SR
CM6901/1A
LLC
fr1
fr1
FM Modulation Region
PWM Region
Designed 380V
FM Modulation Region
SR PWM Region
PWM Region
Gain < = 1
Designed 380V
Gain could be > 1
CM6901/1A
LLC

23. LLC It is called SLS: SRC/LLC + SR SRC
96+ SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
Tradition SRC vs. Traditional LLC Operating Region
LLC
It is called SLS:
SRC/LLC + SR
SRC
ZCS (Capacitive) Region
Avoid This Region
Design Resonant Tank

24. 96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A Transformer can handle more Power
Lm ↑ and Ilm ↓
Transformer can handle more Power

25. 96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
Pure SRC
96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
SRC
Operating Region
SRC
Region
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!

26. Introduce Lm (a Transformer) into Pure SRC
Region
Pure SRC
SRC
Region
SLS (SRC/LLC + SR)
96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
Introduce Lm (a Transformer) into Pure SRC
gain increased and > 1
when fsw < fr1
due to Transformer Lm.
We call it, LLC Region.
SLS (SRC/LLC + SR)
Operating Region
SRC
Operating Region
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!

27. Modulation Region Gain is 380/280 = 1.357 LLC + SRC + SR
SLS (SRC/LLC + SR)
LLC + SRC + SR
96+ SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
How Much Gain we need for Hold-Up time?
Let us Zoom in the Operating Gain Region!
SRC
Region
Modulation Region FM
280V
Gain is 380/280 = 1.357
380V
380V
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!

28. 96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
For Hold-Up time,
should we reduce Lm
to increase Gain?
380V
Gain is 380/200 = 1.90
200V
Lm = 400uH
Without increase fr1,
Increase Lm can reduce 380V Bulk Capacitor but Transformer increased!
Without increase Transformer size, it will saturate.
Size is too big!
380V
Gain is 380/280 = 1.357
280V
82nF
Lm = 600uH
Lm = 1000uH
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!

29. Frequency Analysis Errors Actual Possible Hold-Up Time
and
Actual Possible Hold-Up Time
fr1
Modulation Region
Actual FM
Modulation Region FM
Gain is 380/260 = 1.461
Gain is 380/301 = 1.259
260V
380V
380V
301V
Hold-Up Time ~ 25mS
With 300W

30. To avoid saturation, fsw(LLC) > = 2 x fsw(SLS)
SLS (SRC/LLC + SR)
96+ SLS (SRC/LLC+ SR) CM6901/1A
LLC
Lm = 600uH
LLC FM Modulation Region
Lm = 1000uH
fr1 = 139Khz
SLS
SRC + LLC + SR FM
Modulation Region
fr1 = 43.93Khz
CM6901/1A is a SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) controller (patented)
CM6901/1A can handle more power due to larger Lm
CM6901/1A has the higher efficiency:
Lm is larger so frequency is much lower!
CM6900/1/1A has SR so efficiency goes up more!
SRC 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!
To avoid saturation,
fsw(LLC) > = 2 x fsw(SLS)

31. LLC FM Modulation Region LLC Efficiency is poorer than SLS
SLS (SRC/LLC + SR)
96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A Can Work both Areas, SRC and LLC with SR
Lm = 600uH
LLC
LLC FM Modulation Region
Lm = 1000uH
ZVS due to Lm (Sometimes it is difficult to reach!)
Almost turn off edge due to fsw <~ fr1 (LLC)
@Light load, it suffers the high switching loss even if it is soft switching
SLS:
SRC + LLC + SR FM
Modulation Region
ZVS due to resonant tank at inductive region (SRC).
It is not ZCS but it has SR. (Saving Conduction Loss is more important at Full Load!)
It can handle more power due to higher Lm.
To avoid saturation,
fsw(LLC) = 2 x fsw(SLS)
LLC Efficiency is poorer than SLS
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!

32. SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) LLC CM6901/1A PWM Region CM6901/1A PWM Region
CM6901/1A has 2 PWMing, SR Ideal Diode PWMing below fr1 and light load PWMing
SR Ideal Diode PWM Region
CM6901/1A
LLC
LLC FM Modulation Region
CM6901/1A PWM Region
CM6901/1A PWM Region
SLS
SRC/LLC + SR FM
Modulation Region
CM6901/1A SR Ideal Diode PWMing Region
Mixed FM + 2 PWMings
Reduce fsw Range!
Efficiency Goes Up!
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!
@ Light Load, fsw stops going up by Light Load PWMing

33. CM6901/1A: DEAO, Light Load PWMing CM6901/1A Light Load PWM Region
fr1
CM6901/1A Light Load PWM Region
SLS (SRC/LLC + SR)
SLS
SRC/LLC + SR FM
Modulation Region
Light Load
Efficiency
Goes Up!
(Pin3)
D_IN+ (Pin5) voltage decides
when feao stops going up.
100K ohm
(Pin1)
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!
1000K ohm
(Pin4)
(Pin5)
(Pin6)

34. 96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A: Design RTCT and RSET
fr1
Rset + 0.7V = Feao < 0.7V
Rset + 0.7V = Feao = 0.8V
Rset + 0.7V = Feao < 0.7V
Rset + 0.7V = Feao = 2.0V
Rset + 0.7V = Feao < 4.0V
Rset + 0.7V = Feao < 4.0V
Rset + 0.7V = Feao < 5.0V
Rset + 0.7V = Feao < 6.0V
SLS
SRC/LLC + SR FM
Modulation Region
(Pin3)
(Pin1)
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!

35. SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) fr1 Rset = Feao – 0.7 > 1.5V
96+ SLS (SRC/LLC + SR) CM6901/1A: Design RTCT and RSET
fr1
CM6900/1/1A SR Ideal Diode PWMing Region
SRC/LLC + SR FM
Modulation Region
(Pin3)
Rset = Feao – 0.7 > 1.5V
Rset = Feao – 0.7 < 1.0V
(Pin1)
40%
30%
50%
Rset = Feao – 0.7 < 0.5V
SLS 200W
LLC 200W
That is WHY!

36. SR min Duty Cycle at LLC region = (fmin/fr1) x 50%
Design RSET minimum = 1V
And
SR min Duty Cycle at LLC region = (fmin/fr1) x 50%
Selecting Ct value of pin 9 (RTCT pin) to meet the dead time of break before make
Selecting Rt value to meet fmin
Design SR minimum duty cycle at fmin by setting R divider ratio between Vref and RSET (When RSET > 1.5V, SR duty cycle is ~ 50% and when RSET=0V, SR duty cycle is ~7%.)
If RSET min = 1V, the SR minimum duty cycle is ~ 21.42% which is < SR Dmin = (fmin/fr1) x 50%

37. Loop Gain
0.5
e.g.
100K
e.g.
There is an output pole which is formed by 1/(2 x πx Rload x Cout).
It does not show at Loop Gain.
GMfeao x ZGMfeao’s Zero ~ 10/(2 x πx Rload x Cout)

38. Design Resonant Tank Key Parameters
fsw ~ 1.2 x fr1
fr1 ~ 42Khz for ATX Power Supply Size
Q=(1/R) x (Lr/Cr)**0.5 for fr1 only
0.3 < Q < 0.5 (Optimal Design)
K = Lm/Lr1
K > 10 (Optimal Design)
ζ=1/(2 x Q)
fr1=1/(2 x πx Lr x Cr)
Rload primary = Rload secondary x n2 x 8 /π2
Imax = 2Vi/(πx Rlp)
Vmax = 2Vi x Q/Pi

39. 90 92 90 Hold-Up Time ~ 26mS With 220uF
SLS CM6901/1A +
ZVS-Like PFC CM6565
Demonstration
300 W +12V, -12V, +12(AUX), Fan
Single Output Power Supply
Hold-Up Time ~ 26mS
With 220uF
Fan is not a necessary item for Power Supply!
No Load Consumption ~ 200mW!

40. Key Features: Smaller Transformer because the Lm is greater
96+ SLS (SRC/ LLC + SR) CM6901/1A
Key Features:
Smaller Transformer because the Lm is greater
fsw (SLS) ~ 0.5 fsw (LLC)
SLS (SRC+LLC+SR) does not need the litz wire
For 300W desktop application, its Lm > 1mH with 20mS hold up time
at 115Vac
Square Wave Input Harmonics helps the gains
LLC to maintain the negative feedback, Lm needs to be lower that is why LLC transformer is much bigger
FM + 2 PWMings
SR Ideal Diode PWMing at LLC region (for Full Load)
Light Load PWMing (For Light Load)
OVP auto restart/latch (latched when standby power is available)
CM6901 auto restart/latch (ILIMIT = 1.0V)
CM6901A both Voltage Feedback (Vfb = 2.5V) and Current Feedback (Iimit = 50mV)
Patented Technologies
CM6901/A SLS Controller Transformer is smaller!