1. Chapter 18 Renewing the sectional struggle 1848-1854
Meghan Crawford

2. Background Rash revolutions in Europe End of the Mexican American War
Slavery and Secession are highlighted conflicts in this time period
Anti-Slavery North vs. Slavery pro South
North supported Wilmot Proviso: prohibited slavery in any territories gained in the war with Mexico
South wanted to continue Slavery because their economy thrived on it
Sectional Tension
Still in the reform movement time period

3. Vocabulary Popular sovereignty: Free Soil Party: Fugitive Slave Laws:
the people will vote on whether or not to continue slavery
Free Soil Party:
Antislavery party
Fugitive Slave Laws:
high penalties to anyone who helped slaves escape north

4. Vocabulary Underground Railroad: Treaty of Kanagawa:
A series of citizens that devoted their lives and supplies to aiding the escape of slaves
Treaty of Kanagawa:
Ended Japan’s two hundred years of isolation policies
Opened Japan to trade with America

5. Seventh of March Speech
Daniel Webster’s speech urging Northern citizens to support the Compromise of 1850
Arguments Points:
Topography and climate would keep slavery in Mexican Cession territory
Advised Northern citizens to help the country prevent disunion

6. Wars/ Battles Opium War: Mexican American War:
Between Britain and China on the premise of trading rights
Mexican American War:
Ends a land dispute between Mexico and America

7. Important People Lewis Cass Zachary Taylor Harriet Tubman
Presidential Candidate, democrat
Veteran of the War of 1812
Popular sovereignty
Zachary Taylor
Whig Party President
Harriet Tubman
Famous conductor on the underground Railroad
Maryland station
Helped more than 300 slaves escape

8. Important People Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce
Takes presidency after Taylor’s death, democrat
Franklin Pierce
Presidential Candidate, democratic
Weak, indecisive, young, handsome, military man, smiling, and convivial

9. Important People William Walker Daniel Webster American explorer
Tried to obtain Nicaragua and Baja California
With an army, he forced himself into the presidential position of Nicaragua in July 1865 to legalize slavery
Killed in 1860 by a Honduran firing squad
Daniel Webster
Delivered the seventh of march speech
Candidate for the Whig party
Contributed to the preservation of the union

10. Important People Caleb Cushing Matthew C. Perry
Lawyer- scholar from Massachusetts
Used him to gain land and trading rights with China
Matthew C. Perry
Military Commodore
Dispatched to Japan and eventually got them to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa

11. Timeline 1844: Caleb Cushing signs Treaty of Wanghia Opium War
Treaty of Wanghia: assured the United States the same trading concessions granted to other powers, this expanded American trade with the Chinese
Opium War

12. Timeline 1848: British seize port of San Juan del Norte in Nicaragua
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: $18.25 million paid to Mexico for the area of North-West Texas to Oregon
Taylor defeats Cass and Van Buren for presidency

13. Timeline 1849: 1850: California Gold Rush
Attracted tens of thousands of people to California
Led to high crime rates due to the high volume of landless and moneyless settlers
1850:
Fillmore assumes presidency after Taylor’s death

14. Timeline 1850 (continued):
Compromise of 1850, including Fugitive Slave Law
Compromise of 1850: California is a free state, New Mexico and Utah left to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade in Washington, D.C., more strict fugitive slave laws (opposed in North and South, inflamed the slavery issue)
Fugitive Slave Laws:
Clayton- Bulwer Treaty with Britain
Signed by Great Britain and U.S., together they would protect the neutrality of Central America

15. Timeline 1851: 1852: 1853: Australian Gold Rush
Pierce defeats Scott for presidency
1853:
Gadsden Purchase from Mexico
Gadsden Purchase: $10 million paid to Mexico to gain more land in order to create Southern Transcontinental Railroad

16. Timeline 1854: Commodore Perry open Japan
Ostend Manifesto proposes seizures of Cuba
Ostend Manifesto: secret proposal to purchase, or militarily take Cuba from Spain, once revealed to the public, the plan was abandoned due to large opposition

17. Timeline 1854 (continued):
Kansas-Nebraska Act repeals Missouri Compromise of 1820
Issue of slavery decided by popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories, invalidating the Missouri Compromise of 1820, created by Stephen Douglas to bring Nebraska into the union to develop a transcontinental railroad
Republican Party organized

18. Timeline
1856:
William Walker becomes president of Nicaragua and legalizes slavery
1868:
Meiji Restoration in Japan