1. Copyright Protection on the Web: A Hybrid Digital Video Watermarking Scheme
Pat P. W. Chan,  Michael R. Lyu, Roland T. Chin*
Dept. Computer Science & Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
*Computer Science Department, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
A Hybrid Watermarking Scheme based on Scene Change Analysis and Error Correction Code
Watermarked
Audio Stream
Audio Watermarking
Merger
Video
Place the bit-planes side by side
Refining Data Extraction
m’0
Key
8 bit-planes
DWT m0
Crop
Encrypted watermark
Encryption
System Stream
Splitter
Video
Watermark mn
DWT
Encrypted watermark
Encryption
Bit Decomposition
m’7
DWT
Watermarked Video
DFT
Scene change detection
Embedding Algorithm
Radon
Video Stream
Inverse Transform
DCT
Using different watermarking schemes
Experimental results
We propose an innovative scene-based hybrid video watermarking scheme for protecting the copyright in the Web.
Our approach cultivates the innovative idea in (1) embedding different parts of a watermark according to scene changes, (2) embedding its error correcting codes as an audio watermark, and (3) applying a hybrid approach to the proposed scheme.
This approach is never explored in the literature, and its advantages are clear and significant.
Our scheme is verified to be resistant against the attacks targeted at the video characteristics and the attacks by image processing.
Our scheme is particularly enhanced by combining with audio watermarks for error correction capabilities and hybrid schemes for attack resistance.
Attack Class a b c d e f
Lossy Compression
0.61
0.62
0.82
0.69
0.71
0.68
PSNR
0.72
0.76
0.86
0.80
0.81
Add Noise
0.63
0.60
0.67
0.70
0.64
Median Filter
0.54
0.74
0.55
0.52
Row / Column Removal
0.85
0.75
0.77
Cropping
0.66
0.78
Rescale
Rotation
0.73
Affine
Overall
Watermarked Video Frame
Original Watermark
Extracted Watermark
Original Video Frame
This table shows the result of the watermarked video under different attacks from StirMark with different watermarking schemes:
DWT-based Watermarking Scheme
Scene-based Watermarking Scheme
Visual-audio Hybrid Approach
Visual-audio Hybrid Approach with Audio Attack
Independent Hybrid Approach
Dependent Hybrid Approach
The Hong Kong University of
Science & Technology
The Chinese University of Hong Kong