1. Introduction to Athenian Democracy
Based upon John A. Rothchild’s packet

2. Geography and Demographics

3. Attica in relation to other regions by language dialect
Aeolic
Doric
Attic
Ionic

4. Alcaeus of Mytilene
ού λίθοι ούδέ ξύλα ούδέ τέχνη τεκτόνων αί πόλεις, άλλ' `όπου ποτ' άν ώςιν άνδρες αύτούς σώζειν είδότες, ενταύθα καί τείχη καί πόλεις neither stones nor wood nor the art of masons a city is, but especially in human form is preserved its substance, In this, not in walls, not in cities

5. Time Period and Cultural Context
because of democracy Athens invented
Western Philosophy, why?
History, why?
Drama, why?
rhetoric
What are autocratic forms of art?
Palace, monumental works,

6. Proto-Democracy: Homer
War Councils
Private and public
Themis of giving up, input of the kings
Talking scepter
Rhetoric
Ring speech
Embassy to Achilles
Classical Rhetoric
Logos, pathos, ethos
Straight from the heart
Shield of Achilles
Best judge gets the award

7. Proto-Democracy: Hesiod
Kalliope. The last is the foremost of them all, for she accompanies and attends revered barons Whomever the daughters of mighty Zeus honor and see being born from barons nurtured by Zeus, upon his tongue they pour dew sweeter than honey and from his mouth flow soothing words. All the people look to him as he decides between opposing claims with straight judgments. He addresses them without erring and quickly and knowingly ends a great quarrel. For this reason, barons are wise, because for people injuring one another in assembly, they end actions that call for vengeance easily, appeasing the parties with soft words. As he walks in the marketplace, they glorify him as if a god with soothing deference, and he stands out in the gathering. Such is the sacred bounty of the Muses to men. (Theogony, 75-93)

8. Shield of Achilles, Iliad Bk 18
                                  Then the people gathered in the assembly, for a dispute had taken place. Two men were arguing about blood-money owed for a murdered man. One claimed he’d paid in full, setting out his case before the people, but the other              [500] was refusing any compensation. Both were keen to receive the judgment from an arbitration.                           620 The crowd there cheered them on, some supporting one, some the other, while heralds kept the throng controlled. Meanwhile, elders were sitting there on polished stones in the sacred circle, holding in their hands the staffs they’d taken from the clear-voiced heralds. With those they’d stand up there and render judgment, each in his turn. In the centre lay two golden talents, to be awarded to the one among them all who would deliver the most righteous verdict.

9. Just Enough History Persian Wars 490: Marathon
480: Thermopylae, Salamis, Plataea
Delian League
Peloponnesian War
Macedonian Aggression and Conquest
Questions?
See maps

10. Persian Empire

11. Peloponnesian War

12. Alexander’s Empire

13. Constitutional History: overview pages 9-12
Monarchy: legends
Erectheus
Cecrops
Aegeus
Theseus
Oligarchy, and 9 Archons
Tyrants
Solon: constitutional and economic reforms
Peisistratus: public works (public good)
Clesithenes: constitutional reforms: 10 tribes, name changes
Democracy
Ephialtes: aristocratic Areopagus “guardians of the laws”
made into criminal court
Pericles: introduced pay for public service
Cleon: a “slave” to the commons

14. Solon, p 9
Athens gave Solon autocratic powers in response to the trend in tyrants taking over Greek poleis
Solon made economic and political reforms
Solon left the city for 10 years after his reforms

15. Solon’s Economic Reforms, p 9
Changed debt law to enable more citizens to own land
Imposed limits on debt and on collateral
Made 4 classes of citizens based on medimnoi
Pentakosio-medimnoi, 500, strategoi
Hippeis, 300, knights (cavalry)
Zeugitai, 200, hoplites
Thetes, <200, slings, rowers

16. Solon Economic reforms
Fathers had to find trades for sons
Metics could become citizens
Olives promoted; other produce not exported
Weights and measures standardized

17. Pre Cleisthenes Tripartition

18. Cleisthenes Demes, p 11
Demos means village, common people, or population, as in of a district
Deme means a district or territory inhabited by a tribe
Deme is the smallest administrative unit of Athenian state 
also meant body of citizens collectively

19. The Eponymous Ten Tribes of Athens
Erechtheis (Ἐρεχθηΐς) named after Erechtheus
Aigeis (Αἰγηΐς) named after Aegeus
Pandionis (Πανδιονίς) named after Pandion
Leontis (Λεοντίς) named after Leos, son of Orpheus
Acamantis (Ἀκαμαντίς) named after Acamas
Oineis (Οἰνηΐς) named after Oeneus
Kekropis (Κεκροπίς) named after Cécrops
Hippothontis (Ἱπποθοντίς) named after Hippothoon
Aiantis (Αἰαντίς) named after Ajax
Antiochis (Ἀντιοχίς) named after Antiochus, son of Heracles

20. Constitutional History: overview pages 9-12
Monarchy: legends
Erectheus
Cecrops
Aegeus
Theseus
Oligarchy, and 9 Archons
Tyrants
Solon: constitutional and economic reforms
Peisistratus: public works (public good)
Clesithenes: constitutional reforms: 10 tribes, name changes
Democracy
Ephialtes: aristocratic Areopagus “guardians of the laws”
made into criminal court
Pericles: introduced pay for public service
Cleon: a “slave” to the commons

21. Structure of Athenian Government
A Citizenship
B Council of 500
C Ecclesia (The Assembly) 6000 for quorum
D Jury Courts
E The Areopagus
F Magistrates

22. Council of 500: Tholos

23. Assembly: Pnyx

24. Jury Courts: Kleroterion machine

25. Klepsydra

26. Voting tokens

27. Elected Officials in Athens
Strategoi, generals
Military treasurer
Commissioners of the Theoric Fund, oversaw money for festivals, sacrifices, processions, etc.
Superintendent of the Springs

28. Athens and Pireas

29. Current regions
Naxos