1. Please get out your Averting War Reading

2. Averting War
You have the First 10 minutes of class to read the continue working on the document.
Read the document and answer the corresponding questions.
To get full points, you must:
Write in complete sentences
Use evidence when you are asked to
Highlight or underline the document (annotations)

3. African Resistance Entry task:
How do you think the native Africans feel about European Imperialism?
How do you think they will respond to the Berlin Conference results?
African Resistance

4. African Resistance Throughout Africa, people resisted imperial control
Algeria resisted French rule for 50 years
Samori Toure in West Africa fought the French for 16 years

5. Maji Maji Rebellion
Africans in German East Africa fought in the Maji Maji rebellion
20 ethnic groups joined together
Germans with machine guns killed 75,000 in battle
Twice as many died in the famine that followed

6. Ethiopia Menelik II became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889
Played the Italians, French and British against each other
Said "Ethiopia has need of no one; she stretches out her hands unto God."
Meanwhile, built a large arsenal of modern weapons

7. Menelik II of Ethiopia Modernized Ethiopia
Purchased weapons from Russia
70,000 modern rifles and sufficient boxes of ammunition
Prepared an impressive army

8. Italian Trickery
Menelik II signed a treaty with Italy giving them a small amount of land
The Italians had changed their version of the treaty
They argued that all of Ethiopia was now under their command

9. Italians Invade Ethiopia
Italians advanced into Ethiopia
Menelik vows to fight:
"God, in his bounty, has struck down my enemies and enlarged my empire and preserved me to this day. I have reigned by the grace of God. As we must all die sometime, I will not be afflicted if I die... Enemies have come who would ruin our country and change our religion. They have passed beyond the sea which God gave us as our frontier... These enemies have advanced, burrowing into the country like moles. With God's help I will get rid of them.”
The siege at Makalle lasts 45 days.
Menelik allows the Italians to retreat
Italian government is shamed, sends reinforcements

10. Battle of Adowa
Italians come back to fight in the Battle of Adowa
Menelik II defeated them easily, keeping Ethiopia independent

12. The other “independent” state in Africa…

13. Liberia Between 1821 and 1847, America developed the colony ‘Liberia’
To be a colony for freed slaves
In 1847 declared itself an independent nation
But it was still essentially under American control

14. Liberia
, Liberia was governed by the small group of African-American colonists and their offspring - Americo-Liberians
Many Americo-Liberians believed they were superior because they were Christian
They ruled over the large indigenous majority of 95% of the Liberian population

15. The Americo-Liberians
Kept their English-speaking, Americanized way of life
Built churches and houses resembling those of the Southern U.S
Never more than 5% of the population of Liberia
Dominated by controlling:
Access to the ocean
Modern technical skills
Literacy and higher levels of education
Valuable relationships with American government

16. Effects of European Imperialism on Africa
Europeans established new borders in Africa
European exploit Africans and the land
European powers scramble for colonies
African resist imperialism
Western-educated African elite emerge
African leaders forge nationalist movements

17. “The Coming of the Pink Cheeks”
First source: Cecil Rhodes argument for what English Imperialism and what England’s duty is.
Second source: Chief Kabongo explaining the results of what happened to Africa and its people during European Imperialism.