1. Introduction to Science
The Scientific Method

2. Metric System
There are different ways to make scientific measurements of objects
Length
Mass
Temperature
Volume

3. Metric System
In the USA, United Kingdom, Liberia and Myanmar use the English System of measurement
They measure
Distance in the foot
Weight in the pound
Temperature in the degree (Fahrenheit)
Volume in the gallon

4. Metric System
In science and in most areas of the world the Metric System is used to make measurements
The metric system is a standard system that takes basic units and uses prefixes to determine amount

5. Prefixes
In the metric system prefixes determine how many powers of ten a measurement is off from a base unit
Different prefixes mean different sizes in measurement
They are across all types of measurement

6. Prefixes

7. The Scientific Method How exactly did someone discover bacteria?
How do we know what we breathe?
Why do scientists think that the universe started with a bang?

8. The Scientific Method
The scientific method is an organized approach to learn how the natural world works
It is a system that allows for logical process
It gives a framework to people who wish to discover, question or solve

9. The Scientific Method Observe Hypothesis Experiment Analyze results
Draw conclusions

10. The Scientific Method
Often considered the first step in the scientific method
Observations are bits of knowledge that are gathered from the outside world

11. The Scientific Method Observations can be made anywhere by anybody
However scientists often use instruments to help them record their observations

12. Example Experiment
Observation: There seem to be more gnats buzzing around my head when I use Head and Shoulders

13. The Scientific Method
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observable phenomenon
In science a hypothesis is an idea that is backed by previous knowledge and data

14. The Scientific Method
It is very important for a hypothesis to be testable
An experiment should be able to prove or falsify a hypothesis

15. Example Experiment
Observation: There seem to be more gnats buzzing around my head when I use Head and Shoulders Hypothesis: If I used Head and Shoulders then gnats will be attracted to my hair. I can measure this by counting the number of gnats around my hair during three different thirty second periods.

16. The Scientific Method
Experiments are set up to test specific variables
These variables are the only things that should be tested in experiments
Experiments that test multiple variables will not get clear results

17. The Scientific Method
When conducting an experiment, scientists collect and record data
Once the experiment is completed scientists review the data

18. Example Experiment
Designing an Experiment: We will expose gnats to the same human after he has washed his hair with Head and Shoulders and after no shampoo. The amount of gnats attracted to the hair will be recorded as data

19. The Scientific Method Once data has been gathered it can be reviewed
The data has to be looked at without bias in order to get a fair assessment at what is going on
It often helps to compare the results of your experiment to other experiments of the same type

20. Example Experiment
Analyzing Results: 15 gnats of 100 were attracted to the hair when using Head and Shoulders 45 gnats of 100 were attracted to the hair when using no shampoo

21. The Scientific Method
Once the data has been analyzed, conclusions can be drawn from it
These conclusions can be then compared back to your hypothesis
They can prove or falsify your hypothesis
Having your hypothesis falsified does not make it a bad experiement

22. Example Experiment
Drawing Conclusions: Since more gnats were attracted to the person with no shampoo, Heads and Shoulders does not attract gnats.

23. That’s Just a Theory Several words have different meanings
The word “set” has over 50 definitions
The word “theory” is a term that has many different definitions

24. That’s Just a Theory
In science, a theory is a proposed explanation for a question that is supported up by data
This means that theories are things that can be supported by evidence and research
Theories are not thoughts or ideas that come at random

25. Experiments Scientists work with variables during every experiment
Correctly identifying and manipulating these variables is something every scientist must understand

26. Experiments There are three main types of variables Dependant Variable
Independent Variable
Control Variable

27. Variables
In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher
This means that the scientist actively changes something to make the independent variable

28. Variables
The dependent variable is a response to the independent variable
The dependant variable depends upon the independent variable to change
Meaning… the dependant variable is the part that you measure

29. Variables
The independent variable is something that the scientist changes
The dependant variable is part that you measure

30. Variables The control variable is included in every experiment
It is an example that shows what would have happened if nothing had been changed
Generally the control variable is unchanged through an experiment

31. Now You Decide… Watch the following video clip
List what the dependent, independent and control variables are
Little gross… sorry