1. Imperialism: The Scramble for Africa
What were the motives of European colonizers during the scramble for Africa?

2. Exploration of Africa
Mid 1800s: Africa was divided into various kingdoms
European countries controlled a few areas along the coastlines (10%) – Why?
1. Europeans could not navigate the rivers of interior Africa
2. African armies/lack of interest keep Europeans out of interior Africa
Invention of the steam engine, made it possible for Europeans to navigate interior rivers
A British missionary named David Livingstone would be one of the first Europeans to explore interior Africa
Livingstone’s goal to convert Africans to Christianity – stop slave trade
Livingstone tells great stories about Africa, then disappears. American newspaper hires Henry Stanley to try to find him

3. Livingstone Explores Africa – Answer Ques in notes
What was the reason David Livingstone explored Africa?
How was Africa perceived by most Europeans and how did Livingstone’s journey change those perceptions?
To what part of Africa did Livingstone actually have to leave the continent? (map)
What two African lakes did Livingstone explore? (map)
What was the significance of Livingstone’s explorations?

4. After finding Livingstone, Stanley explores along the Congo River
Explorations attract the interest of Belgian King Leopold II
King Leopold hires Stanley to help obtain land in the Congo
Leopold claims he wants to convert Africans to Christianity and help end slave trade, but really wants minerals & rubber in the region
10 million Africans die due to abuses during Leopold’s rule
Belgian Gov takes Congo away from Leopold
Belgian Congo 80x bigger than Belgium. Rest of Europe worried they don’t have a piece, scramble for the rest of Africa begins

5. Portugal Spain Italy Germany France Belgium Britain Netherlands
Mad Scramble for Africa Political Cartoon
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Germany
France
Belgium
Britain
1. Identify the people in the cartoon
2. Identify the action in the cartoon
Netherlands

6. Berlin Conference
The discovery of diamonds and gold also intensify the scramble
European countries feared war could break out over Africa
1884: To prevent conflict, European nations meet at the Berlin Conference to lay down rules for the colonization of Africa
Most powerful countries would claim areas they wanted first
African leaders or people are not consulted

7. 1. Cash crops instead of “food” crops
Why Does Imperialism happen in Africa?
1) Europeans want raw materials for their factories + new markets
2) Wanted to gain new colonies for national pride/power
3) Racism & Social Darwinism
Racism = Belief of the superiority of one race
Social Darwinism = Idea that “survival of the fittest” applies to humans
4) Missionaries wanted to convert Africa to Christianity
How does Imperialism happen in Africa?
1) European technological advances (weapons, steamboats, medicine communications)
2) Variety of cultures and languages keep Africans disunified
How does this effect Africans?
1. Cash crops instead of “food” crops
2. Different ethnic groups forced together into a country