1. Salem Fire Department ISI Viking Air pack Training 2008
SCBA Training
Salem Fire Department
ISI Viking
Air pack Training
2008

2. Motivation & Introduction
One of the most important safety items
1500 Leonardo da Vinci determines need for respiratory protection
To prevent injury and death due to exposure of airborne contaminates
Why must we (Fire Fighters) wear SCBA?
Because OR-OSHA says so?
5 mil workers require respiratory protection
$94 mil per year in respiratory related injuries
Live longer & healthier (think retirement)
Make it through the shift

3. History
Alexander Humbolt developed the first self-contained breathing apparatus 1795

4. History
The Galibert breathing apparatus was an early oxygen rebreather developed in 1864

5. History
1877-The Fayol breathing apparatus may have been the first true pressure-demand apparatus

6. History
Also in 1877, the LaCour apparatus was developed in the United States
Very few manufacturers of apparatus prior to 1914, 1st WW forced improvements
Many departments required beards at least 6 inches as late as 1910

7. Course Objectives OSHA respiratory Medical Questionnaire
Identify 3 hazardous atmospheres
Describe respiratory effects of heated gases & O2 deficient atmospheres
Explain toxic gases produced by ordinary household items
SCBA basic components
When SCBA is ready for use

8. Course Objectives (Continued)
SCBA limitations and user limitations
Proper maintenance
Don and Doff procedures
SFD operational guidelines, CCC guidelines and the Respiratory Protection Plan

9. Course Goals Identify all components of the SCBA
Proper maintenance & restore to service
Don and Doff
Identify hazardous atmospheres and when to wear SCBA

10. Course Goals (Continued)
Know when unit is ready for service when needed
Limitations of SCBA and user
Hazards of compressed air systems and safety considerations
Buddy breathing & other emergency exit techniques

11. Requirements for Wearing an SCBA
Knowledge
SFD Respiratory Protection Plan
Established program to assist with proper use of respirators
Physical and Medical Requirements
All employees required to wear a respirator will complete medical evaluation form and submit to follow up medical evaluation if necessary

12. Requirements for wearing an SCBA
Mental and Physical Agility
Employees will be capable of working in environments that require the use of a respirator
Must be able to stand, bend, kneel, reach, lift, etc
Cannot be claustrophobic
Facial Features
SFD will provide you with a mask that fits
Facial hair will not be allowed between the mask seal and the face

13. Limitations when wearing SCBA
Limited visibility
Fogging of mask
Decreased ability to communicate
Voice diaphragm & Voice Amplification
Respiratory rate and volume
Increased weight
Approximately 30 pounds with Carbon Fiber Bottles
Decreased mobility
Knowledge of how to wear and adjust your SCBA will assist with mobility issues
45 minutes of air

14. Types of breathing apparatus
Open Circuit
Most common in fire service
Uses compressed air
Exhaled air is vented outside
Closed Circuit
Uses compressed or liquid Oxygen
Exhaled air is processed through a “rebreather”
30 min – 4 hours

15. 6 Basic Components of the SCBA
Air Cylinder Assembly
Bottle
Valve & Pressure gauge
Back Frame
Frame Assembly
Straps
Pneumatics
Bottle & RIC connections
Mask mounted regulator
Buddy Breathing hose

16. 6 Basic Components (contunued)
EOSTI
Alarm Bell
Lights
Gauge/PASS Console
Radio Interface
Voice Amplifier
Controls
Mask & HUD

17. Air Cylinder Assembly High pressure 2500 psi, approx. 47 cu ft of air
Carbon Fiber wrapped aluminum cylinder
Approximately 20 minutes of supplied air
Valve & Pressure Gauge

18. WARNING!!
Do not fill SCBA Bottles until you have received proper training

19. Backpack and Frame
Ergonomic design
Composite Pack frame
Kevlar straps

20. Pneumatics Bottle & RIC connection Mask connection coupling
Buddy Breathing

21. Buddy Breathing Quick disconnect couplings
Located in back frame near bottle valve
3’ tether w/ a male & female connection
Requires practice
NEVER TAKE YOUR MASK OFF TO ASSIST
ALWAYS RESTORE HOSE WITH THE SYSTEM CHARGED WITH AIR

22. EOSTI (Low Air Alarm) Alarm Sounds at ¼ Air Remaining
Low Air Alarm Bell
In Back Frame
Heads up Display lights
In Mask
Red light only
Pressure Gauge
On Shoulder harness
Less that 12 on gauge

23. Pressure Gauge - Low Air Alarm
This gauge most accurate
Should be within 200 PSI of Tank Gauge
LED display shows pressure remaining in cylinder ( 39 means 3900 psi )

24. Pressure Gauge & PASS Air activated PASS Manual PASS
Hands Free Indicator
Push to Talk Radio button
PASS alarm light indicators

25. Facepiece CBRN Approved 3 sizes “S-M-L” Components Air Switch
By-Pass Knob
Voice Amp.
Head net harness
Polycarbonate visor
Optically-corrected
Scratch resistant
Heads Up Display

26. Heads up Display ( HUD) Air Status Low battery PASS Pre-Alert
Radio Transmit
Low Air Alarm (EOSTI)

27. Heads up Display ‘cont’
4 lights full to ¾
3 lights ¾ to ½
2 lights ( amber & red only ) ½ to ¼
1 light ( red ) ¼ tank & low air alarm sounding

28. Heads up Display ‘cont’
Pass Alarm in Pre-Alert
Alternating Red & Green lights while in Pre-Alert.
Lights return to Normal Air Status when PASS goes into Full-Alert

29. Daily Inspections of SCBA
Tank Full
Tank gauge indicates 2200 PSI or above
2500 PSI is a Full Cylinder
Entire unit is clean
All mask and backframe straps extended
All hoses intact and connected
Stored correctly

30. Weekly Inspections of SCBA per NFPA 1404 and 1500
Tank Full
Tank gauge indicates above 2200 PSI
2500 PSI is a Full Cylinder
Entire unit is clean
All straps extended
All hoses intact and connected
Air Switch & Bypass operational

31. Weekly Inspection - Continued
Charge the System
Listen for 3 sounds to indicate proper function
Air at the Mask regulator
Short Alarm Bell
PASS Alarm Chirps
Check for leaks
Watch & listen for Air leaking
Operate the low pressure alarm

32. Weekly Inspections – Continued
Check valve for damage
Gauge for pressure
Inspect Cylinder
Look for Cracks, Gouges, any frayed material, or deep scratches
Hydrostatic test – required every 5 years for Carbon Fiber cylinders

33. Weekly Inspections – Continued
Hydrostatic test dates

34. Monthly Inspections of SCBA per NFPA 1404 and 1500
Same as weekly
Check all components for deterioration & damage
Leaks
Operation of all gauges and valves
Proper pressure
ALWAYS CLEAN UNIT IF NECESSARY
ALWAYS TAG DAMAGED UNITS

35. Yearly Inspections of SCBA per NFPA 1404 and 1500
“Factory level” testing
Flow testing conducted by certified SFD personnel at Sta 1.
All Maintenance will be performed by the Air Pack Technicians
To include changing of batteries as well

36. Repair and Maintenance
Repair tags & Out of Service tags
Name, date, user, vehicle #, nature of problem
Green tags vs. red tags
Out of service on while scene
Locate SCBA so it won’t be used

37. Respiratory Hazards

38. IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS to LIFE or HEALTH
“The maximum concentration from which, in the event of respirator failure, one could escape within 30 minutes without experiencing any escape-impairing or irreversible health effects”
IDLH

40. Elevated Temperatures
Heated air can damage respiratory tract
Moist heated air is worse
Temperature exceeding 120F – 130F can cause:
Decreased BP
Failure of the respiratory tract
Severe respiratory edema
Not reversible by providing fresh cool air

41. Smoke Smoke mostly combination of:
Tar
Carbon
Dust
Particles provide for the condensation of gaseous products
Some particles are irritating, some are lethal

42. Oxygen Deficiency The combustion process consumes O2
Creates toxic gases that dilute or displaces O2
Effects of O2 deficiency
21% - normal
19.5% - OK by OSHA
17% - Increased resp rate, reduced muscular coordination
12% - Dizziness, headache, rapid fatigue
9% - Unconsciousness
6% - Death within a few minutes

43. Toxic Gases Some cause disease of lung tissue and impair its function
Some impair O2 carrying capacity of the red blood cells

44. Common Gases – Carbon Monoxide
Causes more deaths than any other product of combustion
Colorless, odorless
Present at all fires
Caused By Incomplete combustion
Combines with red blood cells 200X more readily than O2

45. Common Gases - Carbon Monoxide
Ppm % in air Symptoms
No symptoms
Mild Headache
Headache after 1 to 2 hr
Headache after 45 mins. Nausea, collapse, unconscious after 2 hrs
1, Dangerous – unconsciousness after 1 hr
1, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea after 20mins
3, Headache, dizziness, Nausea after 5 to mins. Unconsciousness after 30 mins.
6, Headache, dizziness, Nausea after 1 to mins. Unconsciousness after 10 to mins.
12, Immediate unconsciousness, Danger of death in 1 to 3 mins

46. CO

47. Common Gases – Hydrogen Chloride
Intense irritation of eyes & respiratory tract
Swelling of respiratory tract

48. Common Gases – Hydrogen Cyanide
Rapid killer – quick & painless
Interferes with exchange of O2 & CO2

49. Common Gases – Carbon Dioxide
Colorless, odorless
End product of combustion
Stimulates the respiratory system

50. Common Gasses – Carbon Dioxide
Ppm % in Air Symptoms
5, No symptoms
20, Breathing rate increases by 50
30, Breathing rate increases by 100%
50, Vomiting, Dizziness, Disorientation after 30 mins
80, Headache, Vomiting, Dizziness, Breathing difficult after short exposure
100, Death in a few minutes

51. CO2

52. Common Gases – Nitrogen Oxides
2 types present
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)– most dangerous
Nitrogen oxide (NO) – converts to NO2 with O2 & moisture
Irritating effects in nose & throat can be tolerated even when a lethal dose is inhaled

53. Common Gases – Phosgene
Colorless & tasteless
Produced when freon contacts a flame
Full toxic effect not evident for several hours
Forms hydrochloric acid in contact with water
6 ppm – coughing, eye irritation
25 ppm – fatal

54. Chlorine

55. Ammonia

56. Methods of Donning and Doffing
Individual Performance Standards
2.4.1A Donning #1
2.4.1B Donning in a Jump Seat
2.4.1C Changing SCBA Bottle
2.4.2B SCBA checks

57. Fit Test Methods
What is the difference in a qualitative and quantitative fit test
A quantitative test is done with a machine, such as the Port-a-count
The machine used on the quantitative test measures the ambient air and samples the air inside the mask and measures the difference in the two

58. Fit Test Methods (Continued)
The qualitative test does not use a machine but depends on individual reaction
When doing a qualitative test a testing agent such as irritant smoke is blown around the users mask. If the user starts coughing it is an indication of a poor fit
A Banana Oil or Saccharine solution may be used as a testing agent in which the user would be alarmed to a poor fit if he or she could taste the agent

59. Buddy Breathing If your lost and running low on air
Practice, practice, practice
If your lost and running low on air
Notify your partner
Utilize Controlled Breathing
Connect to your partners Buddy Breathing hose
Notify Command for immediate evacuation or rescue

60. Controlled Breathing – Skip Breathing
Normal inhalation through the nose
Forced exhales through mouth
Decreases the amount of air consumed
SKIP BREATHING
Inhale-exhale-inhale-inhale-exhale
Normal breaths used to extend use of remaining air while keeping CO2 in lungs in proper balance

61. Emergency Escape Contact Command RIT Breathing Techniques
Know where you are at all times
Never remove your mask to help another
Keep calm and THINK

62. How do you tell when it is ready to use?
Unit intact and clean
All straps fully extended
Air Cylinder is Full
Face piece clean and in good repair
You hear whoosh of air to regulator and alarm sounds
Bottle and regulator gauge reads full
Pass device activates

63. Maintenance Clean or decon after every use
Use a Mild soap solution on pack frame and cylinder, IE; dishwashing soap – DO NOT USE HARSH CLEANERS
Clean facepiece with specific soap that is provided
Malfunctioning SCBA – send in for repair