1. Classification/Taxonomy
Classification Activity
BioInteractive Click and Learn: Sea Shell Taxonomy
Taxonomy Discussion

2. Classification/Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus developed the following system of classification/taxonomy.
Members of the same Genus can sometimes interbreed with each other and produce viable hybrid offspring.
Members of the same Species can easily interbreed with each other and produce viable (fertile) offspring.

3. Classification/Taxonomy
The way that organisms have been classified changes over time as we learn more about them.
We have now modified the Linnaean system slightly to include one larger group, called the Domain.
Domain Archaea
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya

4. Classification/Taxonomy
The 3 domain system is based on evolutionary relationships instead of purely physical traits.
Using genetic and molecular information, we now understand how these groups are related and classify them differently.

5. The Diversity of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
What do these branching locations mean?

6. Domain Bacteria DNA but no nucleus cell wall
mostly asexual reproduction
most primitive kind of organism known.

7. Domain Archaea - the extremophiles
DNA but no nucleus
cell wall
mostly asexual reproduction
share a common ancestor with Eukarya.
Occupy extreme environments.
Fig. 1-8b(1), p.8

8. Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Protista
Eukarya have cells with a nucleus.
Protist is an old informal grouping for any structurally simple eukaryote that isn’t a plant or animal. Now being reorganized.
Fig. 1-8c(1), p.9

9. Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Fungi
Fungi are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by way of extracellular digestion and absorption.
Prolific spore producers and major decomposers
Fig. 1-8c(8), p.9

10. Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Plantae
Plants are multicelled photoautotrophs that convert light energy to chemical energy.
Fig. 1-8c(6), p.9

11. Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Animalia
Animals are multicelled heterotrophs that ingest other organisms or their tissues for energy and nutrition.
Fig. 1-8c(10), p.9

12. The Diversity of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
How would you add branches to the following simplified tree of life that represent the following Kingdoms?
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Why? Discuss your answer with a neighbor.

13. The Diversity of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Bacteria Archaea
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia ?
How would you add branches to the following simplified tree of life that represent the following Kingdoms?
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Why? Discuss your answer with a neighbor.

14. Classification and Nomenclature
We use the genus and species of an organism to name it
Species names are Latinized and Binomial
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Sub phylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Family Felidae
Genus Panthera
Species Panthera pardus
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Sub phylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Order Primates
Family Hominidae
Genus Homo
Species Homo sapiens

15. Vertebrata (SubPhylum)
Chordata (Phylum)
Vertebrata (SubPhylum)
Class
Reptilia
Amphibia
Aves
Mammalia
Osteichthyes
Chondrichthyes
Agnatha

16. The Evolutionary Tree for Osteichthyes
418 mya
225 mya
400 mya
340 mya
mya

17. The Evolutionary Tree for Osteichthyes
418 mya
225 mya
Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
400 mya
340 mya
mya

19. Which two species are most closely related?
Sylvilagus audubonii
Quercus palustris
Sylvilagus palustris