1. Chapter 5
Tumor , neoplasm
Department of pathology

2. Malignant tumors can occur in all ages, However, the increase with age, the incidence rate increased, Especially in people over 40 years of age, the incidence of malignant tumors increased significantly

3. WHO experts estimate that by 2020, the world's 14
WHO experts estimate that by 2020, the world's 14.7 million people will have cancer.
About 1.3 million people died of cancer.

4. the factors of Increase in tumor incidence
◆Industrial development, pollution
◆ To extend the average life expectancy
◆ equipment to improve medical conditions, and
increase of cancer detection rate
◆ Increase in early tumor was found
◆ Infectious diseases (infectious diseases potent)
was effectively controlled and eliminated, so that
the relative increase in tumor incidence

5. Definition Tumor is the body in a variety of tumorigenic
factors, local organizations, the level of cells in the gene's normal to lose control of their growth, resulting in abnormal clonal proliferation and the formation of new biotechnology. Usually local mass

6. a “new growth”, often in the form of an abnormal tissue mass, due to clonal,excessive, and autonomous proliferation of cells resulting from genetic alterations

7. features of neoplasia “new growth” abnormal tissue mass proliferation
clonality
autonomy
genetic alterations

8. Note:
some neoplastic diseases (for example, a malignant tumor of the blood system leukemia) will not necessarily form a local mass. On the other hand, clinically manifested as "lumps" are also not necessarily the real tumor, such as inflammatory pseudotumor.

9. Characteristics of tumor proliferation and hyperplasia of non-tumor :
Unique to tumor cells of monoclonal dysplasia as neoplastic proliferation
Under certain physiological conditions, as well as in inflammation, wound healing, such as pathological conditions, the body cell or tissue proliferation, but they are not tumors. This proliferation is calld non-neoplastic hyperplasia.

10. neoplastic vs non-neoplastic proliferation
usually monoclonal usually polyclonal
atypical/dysplastic structure/function normal
autonomous under control
uncoordinated coordinated
purposeless serve the body’s need(s)

11. neoplasm
some examples

12. adenoma

13. Adenoma in intestines

14. carcinoma of floor of mouth

15. renal
cell
carcinoma

16. ovarian cystadenoma

17. fibroadenoma

18. infiltrating ductal carcinoma

19. osteosarcoma

20. general morphology Number single or multiple
(synchronous or metachronous)
Size
microscopic, occult (<1cm), huge
Appearances
polypoid, papillary, villous, nodular,
lobular, ulcerative, cystic

21. Surface, mucosal surface of tumor
Variety. May be due to histological type, location, and benign and malignant growth pattern varies
Benign: papillary, polypoid,
Cauliflower-like, mushroom umbrella
Surface, mucosal surface of tumor
malignant: In addition to the above patterns can also be down outside infiltration growth, ulcer formation

22. Benign: nodular,lobulated, cystic
The tumor of deep tissue
Malignant: keloid-like, root-like

23. Color
whitish, grayish, black, yellowish, However, tumors show different colors may be the origin of tissue ,blood supply and changes in secondary
Interface with surrounding tissue
circumscribed or infiltrative (invasive)
capsulated or unencapsulated

24. Consistency
soft, hard
Depend on Origin of organization and ratio of parenchyma and mesenchyma stroma

25. mesenteric lipoma

26. Intestinal adenoma

27. leiomyoma

28. adenoma

29. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

30.  hemangioma
hemangioma

31. Melanoma

32. lipoma

33. osteoma

34. Ulcerative carcinoma of the skin

35. Histological patterns of tumors
parenchyma of tumor
mesenchyma stroma of tumor

36. parenchyma of tumor ◆general term for tumor cells.
◆the major components of tumor

37. ◆ Decisions of various histological origin of tumor;
◆ The decision of the tumor classification, nomenclature and histological diagnosis;
◆ The decision of the biological behavior of tumors (benign, malignant).

38. mesenchyma stroma of tumor
◆composed of connective tissue, blood
vessels, lymphatic vessels.
◆ mesenchyma stroma of tumor non-specific.
Role: the stent of tumor, support and nutrition
to the parenchyma of tumor

39. There are lymphocytes, plasma cells and mononuclear cell infiltration and related with the immune response of body

40. mesenchyma stroma
parenchyma

41. mesenchyma stroma
parenchyma
Adenocarcinoma

42. parenchyma
mesenchyma stroma