1. 3/30 Practice Questions
1. You are effected with a mutation that distorts your body’s ability to produce villi. Explain the effect of this mutation on your digestive system.
2. The molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker has been determine to be 0.3M. Calculate the solution potential at 27 degrees Celsius. Round your answer to the nearest tenths.
3. Distinguish between DNA and RNA with regard to chemical composition, nucleotides included in each, location in the cell, and function.

2. 3/30 Practice Questions
1. You are effected with a mutation that distorts your body’s ability to produce villi. Explain the effect of this mutation on your digestive system.
If your villi is absent, your small intestine would be inefficient at absorbing nutrients.

3. 3/30 Practice Questions
2. The molar concentration of a sugar solution in an open beaker has been determine to be 0.3M. Calculate the solution potential at 27 degrees Celsius. Round your answer to the nearest tenths.

4. 3/30 Practice Questions
3. Distinguish between DNA and RNA with regard to chemical composition, nucleotides included in each, location in the cell, and function.
DNA
RNA
Double stranded
Single stranded
A,T,C, and G
A,U,C, and G
Deoxyribose sugar
Ribose sugar
Nucleus
Nucleus and cytoplasm
Genetic information
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

5. 3/30 Objective
Homeostatic control systems in species of microbes, plants, and animals support common ancestry.

6. Page 101 Circulatory System

7. Circulatory systems in fish, amphibians, and mammals

8. Recap: Every organism must exchange material with its environment
Organisms exist in an _____________ environment
What are we exchanging??? (hint: materials)
CO2, O2, waste, and nutrients
AQUEOUS

9. Do we have it? 1. The interstitial fluid of vertebrates:
a. is the internal environment within cells
b. bathes cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes
c. makes up the plasma of blood
d. surrounds unicellular and flat, thin animals

10. For example: The gills of a salmon (structure relating to function)
Capillaries lie close to the surface to allow for effective diffusion
External structure
Issue??

11. Ineffectiveness of Diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration
Passive transport
Only works across small distances like across the cell membrane
For longer distances (across the body), diffusion is ineffective
The complex human body relies on structures (organs) for transport

12. Key Point #1:
Key Point #1: The circulatory system functionally connects the aqueous environment of the body cells to the organs that exchange gases, absorb nutrients and dispose of wastes
Remember respiratory system??

13. Hydras and Jelly Fishes
Lack a “true” circulatory system
Gastrovascular cavity serves as digestive AND circulation system

14. Open and Closed Circulation Systems
To overcome the diffusion limitation, organisms consist of either open or closed circulation systems.
Key Point #2: Both open and closed systems share the following characteristics: blood, blood vessels, and a heart.

15. Open System Key Point #3: Open System-
Blood and Interstitial fluid is NOT separated
Common in: insects, arthropods, and mollusks

16. Closed System Key Point #4: Closed system-
Blood is confined to vessels and IS separated from the interstitial fluid
Heart pumps blood through vessels then materials are exchange AT organs
Common in: vertebrates, earthworms, squids, and octopuses

18. Evolution Advantages OPEN CLOSED
Decrease cost (energy) to support body
More effective at transport in large and active organisms
The need for O2 increases
The fact that both exist is evidence of evolution advantage depending on the type of environment you live in

19. Closed Circulatory System
Key players:
Heart: 2 atrium and 2 ventricles
Blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries
Function of capillaries:
EXCHANGE!
Keeping it all straight:
To heart or away from heart
Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart
VeINs carry blood INTO heart

20. Evolution
Slight differences in closed systems of different organisms are evidence of natural selection
Complex animals= complex systems

22. Fish
Blood trace:
Ventricle->artery->capillaries (exchange)->body->capillaries->veins->atrium
Key Point #5: Fish-
The double capillaries slow down the O2 delivery throughout the body
Single circulation- low pressure

23. Amphibians Blood trace:
Ventricle->lungs & skin capillaries->left atrium->body->right atrium
Key Point #6: Amphibians-
3 chambered heart
Double circulation- vigorous flow of blood

24. Mammals Key Point #7: Mammals- 4 chambered heart Left side: O2 rich
Right side: O2 poor
Prevents mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood

25. Mammals
Endotherms require A LOT of energy! This means A LOT of O2 delivery
The heart is an essential muscle to pump blood throughout the blood
The blood carries the O2, CO2, and nutrients throughout the body
*This is an example of convergent evolution*

26. Double Circulation

27. James, Joe, and Paul:
Watch the following video on the circulatory system
Watch this video on a potential lab on the circulatory system. As you watch the video, take notes on the lab and how you will be able to use the information as a potential essay topic. Show me the notes on the lab for your daily grade.

28. Homework: read and outline page 869, 870,and 871
Tuesday HW: read and outline page 922 and 939 on osmoregulation