1. China rejects the West 9.1
Ming Dynasty—( ) stabilized china after mongol rule
Hong Wu—first Ming Emperor
Restored lands, increased rice production and fish farming

3. Hong Wu brought in the use of commercial crops such as sugar cane and cotton
Merit based civil service reform
Became a ruthless tyrant in the end , his death led to a power struggle

5. Yonglo takes control
Son of Hong Wu, takes power and moves capital to Beijing
Commissions explorers to explore, almost 100 years before the europeans began to explore. ( 1405 )
Zheng he—seven voyages of exploration

7. 40 to 300 ships sailed
100 to 440 feet in length
Carpenters sailors, doctors, accountants religious people
Treasure ships, war ships, passenger ships ect.
Everything was an attempt to impress the west

9. As a result of these voyages 16 different countries sent envoys to visit
China then withdraws back into self-imposed isolation
Foreign trade was allowed at only three coastal ports
Smuggling will become the big business

10. The Problem China will not become industrialized for 2 reasons
First – the whole idea of trade and commerce offended chinese Confucian principles (agriculture)
Second—taxes favored agriculture and hammered industry and growth of trade

11. The Religious issue
Christian missionaries that entered China conflicted with the traditional Confucian values causing a religious conflict—this will occur soon

13. Manchu Invasion 1644, people of Manchuria invade China
Qing ( ching) Dynasty—a 260 year rule that will add Tibet, Central Asia, Taiwan, and Mongolia to China

14. Life Under the Manchus
Chinese were not happy at first
Men were forced to wear their hair in a pigtail as a sign of submission
Manchus will slowly earn the respect of the people
They upheld Confucian and social beliefs and customs

15. The Manchus made the frontiers safe and restored prosperity to china
Kangxi--- reduced the size of the government, lowered taxes and reduced government expenses.
He was also a patron of the Arts

16. The Dutch and Great Britain
Under Qian Long ( kangxi’s grandson), China was still isolationist.
If foreigners wanted to trade they would have to follow chinese rules
Mainly trading at only specified ports
The ritual of Kowtow
Paying tribute

17. The Dutch agreed to the restrictions and became a major trading partner with china
England did not—at first but had no alternatives
Smuggling will become a major part of life in china

18. Family life and Culture
Population explosion caused by better farming techniques and different foods brought from the Americas
Families expanded, males were favored over females with many female infants being killed
Painting , ceramics and drama were developed

19. Porcelain– greatest artifacts-Vases, bowls ect.
Art and Literature
The Golden Lotus is written during the Ming Dynasty and is considered the first real social novel.
The Dream of the Red Chamber is still considered by many today as the greatest Chinese novel ever written ( Ming Dynasty)
Porcelain– greatest artifacts-Vases, bowls ect.