1. A, Apprehension test, although of limited clinical value because of low specificity, is included as part of a sequence of tests for shoulder instability. It is conducted with the patient sitting or standing, with the arm placed in 90-degree abduction and 90-degree external rotation, and the elbow flexed 90 degrees. Pressure is applied to the posterior aspect of the humerus. B, Relocation test, performed to relieve symptoms (pain and apprehension) of instability, is conducted with the patient supine and the arm abducted to 90 degrees and externally rotated to 90 degrees. Downward (posterior) pressure is applied to the humeral head. C, The anterior release test is conducted in a similar manner as the relocation test, then the examiner's hand is removed suddenly, releasing pressure on the humeral head.
Source: Shoulder Instability, The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence-Based Clinical Diagnosis
Citation: Simel DL, Rennie D. The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence-Based Clinical Diagnosis; 2016 Available at: Accessed: October 21, 2017
Copyright © 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved