1. Specify kinetic rate laws for mineral precipitation and dissolution (and other reaction types) on the Reactants pane.
Use Arrhenius equation to calculate temperature-dependent rate constant
Specific surface area

2. Mineral precipitation and dissolution
Formation of clay mineral scale around the wellbore alters reservoir porosity and permeability.

3. You can account for the kinetics of formation and dissociation of aqueous and surface complexes.
Set the concentration of the complex in the initial system…
…and each of the inlet fluids
Add promoting and inhibiting species

4. Complexation and dissociation
PbCl+ complex breaks down into Pb2+ and Cl− as it traverses aquifer
More Pb2 than PbCl+

5. File → Open → Sorbing Surfaces…
Account for Kd, Freundlich, or Langmuir sorption; ion exchange, or surface complexation.
Set mass of sorbing mineral.
File → Open → Sorbing Surfaces…
Surface complexation dataset for hydrous ferric oxide.
You can add any number of sorbing surfaces.

6. Surface complexation retards Pb++ transport relative to nonreactive tracer Br−.

7. Type out the redox reaction.
You can account for the kinetics of redox transformations, including effects of enzymes and catalysts.
Type out the redox reaction.
Set enzyme function to “on” and enter rate constant, half-saturation constant, and enzyme concentration.

8. Initial pulse of Benzene contaminated
water is attenuated by biodegradation.