1. Vocabulary Landlocked – Surrounded by land on all sides
Typhoons – fierce tropical storms with heavy rains and high winds
Tsunami – Giant ocean wave with enormous power

2. Southeast Asia

3. Physical Geography Made up of mainland and island nations
Indonesia and the Philippines were once land bridges. As the glaciers melted, the ocean levels rose up and separated the land masses
Mainland countries sit on the Asian continent
Only one is landlocked (Laos)
Most people live near rivers or deltas
Wet monsoon season is May to September

4. Physical Geography Island countries sit on the Pacific Ring of Fire
These countries have many active volcanoes
Tsunamis are common due to underwater earthquakes

5. Rivers
Three (almost) parallel rivers – start in the highlands and flow to the sea
Mekong – 2600 miles, runs through the middle of region and forms borders. Delta covers 25,000 square miles, rich rice growing region
Chao Phraya – Thailand, irrigates rice fields, major transportation route
Irrawaddy – half and long as Mekong. Important for rice farming and transportation.

6. Island Nations
Most islands here were formed by tectonic plate collisions
Many volcanoes here are dormant (inactive)
The ash creates fertile soil for farming, mixed with the humid atmosphere, leads to successful farming year-round
Indonesia – largest nation, largest population, more volcanoes
Thousands of islands
Philippines is similar; lots of islands with a high population and many volcanoes

7. Ancient Valley Kingdoms
Khmer Empire
Centered along the Mekong River valley in Cambodia
Built Angkor Wat temple complex in the 1100s
Dai Viet Kingdom
Formed in AD 939 after breaking free from China
Women enjoyed a higher social standing than in China

8. Ancient Valley Kingdoms
Srivijaya
Arose in Sumatra in the AD 600s
Controlled trade from South Asia to China
Sailendra
Flourished in Java from about AD 780 to 850
Built Borobudur temple complex

9. Ancient Valley Kingdoms
Majapahit
Arose in eastern Java
around AD 1290s to 1500
Compare and Contrast – Both empires lasted for several centuries. However, the Khmer Empire was on the mainland, while the Srivijaya Empire was on an island. Also, the Khmer Empire built a great Hindu temple, while the Srivijaya Empire was known as a center of Buddhist study.

10. Colonialism in SE Asia
Introduction – A number of European powers struggled for control in Southeast Asia, attracted by the region’s valuable spices
Spanish Colonies – Spain claimed the Philippines in the 1500s and retained control of the islands until 1898
Dutch Colonies – the Dutch East India Company controlled much of the region, particularly in present-day Indonesia

11. Colonialism in SE Asia
British Colonies – Arriving in the region long after Spain and the Netherlands, Britain took control of much of the Malay Peninsula and present-day Myanmar
French Colonies – the French controlled much of Indochina in the 19th century but agreed to allow Siam to remain independent

12. Colonialism in SE Asia
Conclusion – Recognizing the value of the region’s natural resources, European powers claimed much of Southeast Asia and caused major changes to the countries in the region.

13. Reading and Note Taking
Religious Traditions
Animism – 4
Buddhism – 3
Hinduism – 3
Islam – 3
Christianity - 3

14. Animism The traditional religion in Southeast Asia
Belief that spirits exist in plants, animals, and objects
Practiced by many small, tribal groups
Rituals performed to please spirits and bring good fortune

15. Buddhism Brought to Vietnam by China after 111 BC
Indian traders and pilgrims brought Buddhism to other parts of the region
Most prominent in mainland countries today

16. Hinduism Brought by people from India in the AD 100s
Influence found in Cambodian temple Angkor Wat
Main religion on Bali, an island in Indonesia

17. Islam Introduced to the region by Arab traders in the 1300s
Spread from Indonesia to Malaysia
Indonesia is now the world’s most populous Muslim nation

18. Christianity
Spain brought Roman Catholicism to the Philippines in the 1500s
France introduced Catholicism to the mainland in the 1700s
Chief religion in the Philippines and East Timor

19. Thailand Today
Main Idea: Thai culture today reflects traditional foundations and modern influences.
Traditional Thai buildings had steeply slanted roofs and were built on legs to withstand floods.
Buddhist temples known as wats demonstrate Indian, Khmer, and Chinese influences.
Buddhist monks live simply and focus on meditation and other rituals.

20. Thailand Today
Younger men are making shorter religious commitments as they migrate away from rural communities.
Most young people now work in cities, especially Bangkok.
Urban life and modern conveniences contrast with cultural traditions.
How have modern influences changed everyday life in Thailand?
More people are moving to cities such as Bangkok for school and work. The clothing in cities is Western, and many meals are bought premade rather than home-cooked. Entertainment includes the use of the internet.

21. Vocabulary
Metropolitan area – populated location that includes the city limits and the surrounding area
Predominant – most common
Fragmented countries – countries physically divided into separate parts, such as a chain of islands
Remittances – Sending a share of your money back to your home country

22. Governing Fragmented Countries
Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines have a challenge in unifying their respective countries
Each are fragmented
Each have diverse ethnic groups
Indonesia:
17,000 islands spanning 3200 miles
More different than similar; some urbanized, some rural
300 ethnic groups, more than 700 languages, “Diversity in Unity”
Conflict between ethnic groups
Some islands try to gain independence

23. Part on the Malay Peninsula, part on the island of Borneo
Malaysia:
Part on the Malay Peninsula, part on the island of Borneo
Separated by several hundred miles of ocean
Half of the population is Malay, with sizable amounts of Chinese and Indian
Government policies favor Malays, leading to tension
Emphasis is on economic growth, leading to being a more developed nation

24. Wide variety of ethnicities
The Philippines:
Thousands of islands, most of which are less than one square mile in size
Wide variety of ethnicities
Includes Malays, Chinese, Japanese, Arab, and Spanish; many Americans
Wide use of the Filipino language helps with national identity
English also widely spoken
1/3 of people remain poor = lack of jobs
Millions to leave looking for work, sending remittances back home

25. Migration within Indonesia
Fourth most populous country in the world, but the majority live on just a few islands
The Dutch relocated people during their colonization
Indonesia continued this after independence
More than half live on the island of Java
The hope is to keep moving people in order to unify

26. Migration within Indonesia
Moving people comes with difficulty
New arrivals to different islands led to clashing with the natives
Modern farming replaces traditional land use and can lead to pollution
Many farms are not successful; people to return to their home islands
Those wanting to leave rural poverty leave for the bigger cities
This leads to more overcrowding

27. Quick Write
Out of the many regions and countries we’ve discussed in this class so far, which of these would you most like to visit and why? Which of these would you never want to visit and why? Answers must be at least half a page in length!!!