2. INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY (IRSA) “Inter Provincial Water Issues − Challenges and Opportunities ”
S.N: 01
Rao Irshad Ali Khan
Chairman IRSA
May 26-27, 2016
Presentation to IWMI
at PC Hotal, Bhurban - Pakistan

3. Indus Waters Treaty 1960 Water Apportionment Accord 1991
The Water Agreements
S.N: 02
Indus Waters Treaty 1960
Water Apportionment Accord 1991

4. Inter-provincial Water Dispute
S.N: 03
The Inter-provincial dispute on Water Distribution was initiated during the construction of two mega Irrigation Projects i.e.
Sutlej Valley Canal Project 1932
Sukkur Barrage

5. Committees / commissions
S.N: 04
1937
Anderson Committee
1945
Rau Commission
1968
Akhtar Hussain Committee
1970
Fazal-e-Akbar Committee
1976
Indus Waters Commission (Anwar-ul-Haq Commission)
1983
Haleem Commission
1991
Water Accord

6. Cusec = Cubic foot per second
S.N: 05
Cusec = Cubic foot per second
1 Cusec day = 1 Cusec discharge for 24 hours
Acre foot = one foot height of water over one acre
1 Cusec day = 2 acre feet
1 MAF = One million acre feet
1 watering = 3 inches water over 1 acre area 6

7. Water Account Post Tarbela Average (1976.77 to 2014.15) (MAF)
S.N: 06
Western River
138.03
Eastern River
6.54
Total Western & Eastern River
144.57
Provincial Utilization
97.05
System Losses
-18.22
* D/S Kotri
29.30
* Required D/S Kotri 8.6 MAF

8. Western & Eastern River Post Tarbela (1976.77 to 2014.15) (MAF)
S.N: 07
Rivers
Kalabagh
Mangla
Marala
Eastern Rivers
Total
Maximum
112.18
( )
32.00
( )
32.69
( )
19.98
( )
183.45
Minimum
66.81
( )
11.85
17.85
( )
0.30
99.05
Average
89.65
22.57
25.80
6.54
144.57

9. Comparison of Para 14 (b) vs Para 2 (MAF)
S.N: 08
Province
Para 14 (b) %
Para 2
Difference (4-2)
% Increase 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Punjab
54.51
53.1
55.94
48.9
1.43 12
Sindh
43.53
42.4
48.76
42.6
5.23 45
Balochistan
1.63
1.6
3.87
3.4
2.24 19
KPK
3.06
3.0
5.78
5.1
2.72 24
Total
102.73
100
114.35
11.62

10. Comparison of Para 14 (b), 2 & 4 (Percentages)
S.N: 09
Province
Para 14 (b)
Para 2
Para 4 1 2 3 4
Punjab
53.1
48.9 37
Sindh
42.4
42.6
Balochistan
1.6
3.4 12
KPK
3.0
5.1 14
Total
100.0
100

11. Present Distribution Mechanism of IRSA (THREE TIER FORMULA SINCE 2003)
S.N: 10
Scenario I
Water Availability < Actual Average System Uses 77-82
Distributed as per 14 (b) of the WAA 1991
Scenario II
Water Availability > Actual Average System Uses but < Para 2 of WAA 1991
Actual Average System Uses are protected
Balance available as per Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI
Scenario III
Water Availability > Para 2 of WAA 1991
Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI are protected
Balance as per Para 4 of the WAA 1991
Note: KPK & Balochistan are exempted from shortages 11

12. Para 6
S.N: 11
The need for storages, wherever feasible on the Indus and other rivers was admitted and recognised by the participants for planned future agricultural development. 12

13. Reservoir Sedimentation
S.N: 12
Reservoir
Designed
Present
Sedimentation
Tarbela
Level
MAF %
Live Storage
9.68
6.33
-3.35
-35
Mangla
5.34
4.50
-0.84
-16
Chashma
649.00
0.72
0.28
-0.44
-61
Total Storage
15.74
11.11
-4.63
-29%
Mangla Raising 2013
0.0
Total
18.64
14.01
-25

14. Provincial Allocations with Additional Storage (MAF)
S.N: 13
Province
Pre Mangla
Post Mangla
Post Tarbela
Post Kalabagh
Post Bhasha & Akhori
Punjab
48.35
49.86
54.51
55.94
61.49
Sindh
*36.12
40.67
43.53
48.76
54.31
KPK
1.67
2.43
3.06
5.78
7.88
Balochistan -
0.49
1.63
3.87
5.67
Total
86.14
93.45
102.73
114.35
129.35
* Includes Balochistan

15. Average Annual flow (MAF) Storage Capacity (MAF)
AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW AND STORAGE CAPACITY OF DAMS OF SOME MAJOR RIVER BASINS
S.N: 14
Sr. #
River Basin
Average Annual flow (MAF)
No. of Dams
Storage Capacity (MAF)
% age Storage 1
Colorado 12 3
59.62
497 2
Nile 47
132
281
Sutlej Bias
India (Total) 32
750 5
4,636
11.32
245 35 33 4
Yellow River
345 7
68.95 20
Columbia
179 34 19 6
Indus & others Rivers
145
11.50
*14.12 8 10
World
20,000 -
8,000 40
Source: Wapda
* After Raising of Mangla

16. Para 7
S.N: 15
The need for certain minimum escapage to sea, below Kotri, to check sea intrusion was recognised. Sindh held the view, that the optimum level was 10 M.A.F., which was discussed at length, while other studies indicated lower/higher figures. It was, therefore, decided that further studies would be undertaken to establish the minimal escapge needs down stream Kotri.

17. Recommended Escapage below Kotri
S.N: 16
Kharif
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Total
Cfs
5000
MAF
>=0.3
1.8 +**)
Rabi *)
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
cfs
0.3
1.8
Annual
3.6 +**) *)
In a dry year the amount can be proportionally reduced in relation to the reductions in irrigation water supply
**)
A total volume of 25 MAF in any 5 years period (an annual equivalent of 5 MAF) to be released in a concentrated way as flood flow (Kharif period), to be adjusted according to the ruling storage in the reservoirs and the volume discharged in the four previous years.

18. WATER AVAILABILITY (MAF)
POPULATION (Million)
182 Million (2015)
991 m3 2015
5650
S.N: 17

19. ISSUES 22 MAF being wasted D/S Kotri Escapages D/S Kotri
S.N: 18
22 MAF being wasted D/S Kotri
Escapages D/S Kotri
Prevention/Mitigation of floods
Operation of Link Canals
Mangla Reservoir Filling
KPK’s objection on construction of Kalabagh Dam
a) Nowshera will be drowned
b) Swabi will be water logged 19

20. THANK YOU

21. DRAINAGE LEVELS IN KABUL VALLEY WITH KALABAGH
S.N: 19
DRAINAGE LEVELS IN KABUL VALLEY WITH KALABAGH
CHARSADDA
HISARA DRAIN
PABBI
NOWSHERA
MARDAN
SWABI
1000
970
LEVEL IN FEET
955
960
958
940
RESERVOIR RETENATION
EL. 915
DISTANCE U/S DAM SITE IN MILES

23. Line diagram with distance
S.N: 21
Skardu 30 MAF
267 KM
INDUS RIVER
Bhasha 50 MAF
314 KM
Tarbela 60 MAF
200 KM
Kalabagh 90 MAF 23

24. Kalabagh v/s Alternatives
S.N: 22
Proposed Dams
Kalabagh 2. Bhasha 3. Akhori Munda
Kalabagh is at tail of mountaineous system & harnesses maximum amount of water of Indus i.e 90 MAF on an Average.
It is the most cost-effective Dam
No land dispute whatsoever
Total integration of the system by construction of Kalabagh-Rasul Link Canal. Major objection of Sindh Province regarding filling of Mangla Reservoir during early Kharif would be addressed
Only site from where gravity flows would be available for DIKhan
Infrastructure up to Dam site is fully developed; feasibility study vetted & verified by International agencies time & again
Flow of Kabul river, being early riser, would be available for EK filling
Nearest to National Grid 24