1. MANIA M A N I Causes of World War I -
ILITARISM– policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
LLIANCES - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ATIONALISM – pride in or devotion to one’s country
MPERIALISM– when one country takes over another country economically and politically
SSASINATION – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

2. Causes of WWI - Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
[Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).

3. Causes of WWI - Alliances
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Great Britain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Russia
Italy

4. Causes of WWI - Nationalism

5. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Often nationalism led to rivalries and conflicts between nations
Additionally, various ethnic groups resented domination by others and wanted independence
Russia and Austria-Hungary disagreed over the treatment of Serbs in central Europe
Germany was allied with Austria-Hungary while Russia, France and Britain were partners

6. Causes of WWI - Imperialism
For many centuries, European nations built empires
Colonies supplied European nations with raw materials and provided markets for manufactured goods
As Germany industrialized it competed directly with France and Britain
Major European countries also competed for land in Africa

7. Causes of WWI - Imperialism

8. Causes of WWI - Assassination
The Archduke is assassinated in Sarajevo in June 1914

9. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

10. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

11. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

12. Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Germany
Great Britain
World War I
France
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia
Italy

13. THE WAR BECOMES A STALEMATE
Unable to save Belgium, the Allies retreated to the Marne River in France where they halted the German advance in September of 1914
Both sides dug in for a long siege
By the spring of 1915, two parallel systems of deep trenches crossed France from Belgium to Switzerland
There were 3 types of trenches; front line, support, and reserve
Between enemy trenches was “no man’s land” – an area pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire
British soldiers standing in mud

14. NEW WEAPONS USED
Machine Guns – Guns could now fire 600 rounds per minute
The Tank – New steel tanks ran on caterpillar treads
Airplanes – Early dogfights resembled duals, however by 1918 the British had a fleet of planes that could deliver bomb loads
Poison Gas – mustard gas was used to subdue the enemy

15. Animals were also susceptible to gas

16. German Soldiers
The conditions in these trenches were horrific; aside from the fear of bombardment, soldiers also had to contend with the mud, flooding and disease associated with living in such a harsh environment.