1. State-Building and the European State System, 1648–1789
Chapter 16
State-Building and the
European State System,
1648–1789

2. Learning Objectives: Questions to Consider
How did governments try to establish good working relations with the people?
What effect did state-building have on the various religious communities of Europe?
What factors worked to develop or retard a collective sense of national identity?

3. Absolutism in France, 1648–1740 The Sun King at Versailles
Life at the Court of Louis XIV (r )
Rule by Divine Right
Court Etiquette and Political Influence
Manners in the Salons
The “Sun King” and the Symbols of Power

4. Absolutism in France, 1648–1740 Forty Years of Warfare
Louis Versus the Dutch
Rivalry: Stadholder William ( ; William III of England)
Jean-Baptiste Colbert and Mercantilism
French Colonies in the Americas and Caribbean
War of the League of Augsburg,
War of the Spanish Succession, (Utrecht)

5. Absolutism in France, 1648–1740 A Unified French State
The Intendants and the Parlements
Strengthening Control and Making Policy
Taxes and the Army
Curbing the Nobles, Defending Catholicism
The Legacy of the Fronde ( )
The Huguenot Exodus
Louis and the Pope
The Four Gallican Articles, 1681
Condemnation of the Jansenists

6. Absolutism in France, 1648–1740 Louis XV (r. 1715-1774)
Strengthening the Police
The Origin of a Modern, Professional Force
A New State Program of Poor Relief
The Hospital System
The Continuing Jansenist Problem
Political and Religious Dissent
The Hallmark of French Absolutism: a Demanding, Responsive State

7. The Austrian Habsburgs, 1648–1740
Leopold I (r )
The Character of the Emperor
Imperial Showplace: Schönbrunn Palace
The Turkish Siege of Vienna, 1683
Defeating Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa

8. The Austrian Habsburgs, 1648–1740
Leopold I and the Reconquest of Hungary
Royal Rule, War, and Peace in Hungary
Victory at Zenta, 1697; Treaty of Carlowitz, 1699
The Rebellion of Francis II Rádkóczi
The Peace of Szatmár, 1711
The Habsburg Monarchy
Magnates, Serfs, and Limited Central Rule
The Rule of Charles VI (r )
Female Heir Maria Theresa (r )
War of the Austrian Succession,

9. The Rise of Prussia, 1648–1740 Territorial Consolidation
The Scattered Holdings of Frederick William, the Great Elector (r )
Hohenzollern Maneuvering in War
Taxes to Support an Army
Grants from the Diet and the Excise Tax
Two Systems: Urban and Rural
Income from the Royal Domain
Stimulating Economic Growth

10. The Rise of Prussia, 1648–1740 King Frederick William I (r. 1713-1740)
Strengthening Royal Administration and Finances
The General Directory (Created 1723)
Enlarging the Army
A Personal Absolutism
The Prussian Military and a “Barracks State”
Succession: Frederick II (r )

11. Russia and Europe, 1682–1796
Peter the Great (r ) and Westernization
Cutting Off Beards and Creating Assemblies
The Great Northern War with Sweden,
A New Capital: St. Petersburg
Reforming the Military and Raising Taxes
Victory at Poltava, 1709
Restructuring Society and the Church
The Table of Ranks
Ending the Patriarchate, Creating the Holy Synod

12. Russia and Europe, 1682–1796
Catherine the Great (r ) and Russian Expansion
The Coup d’État Against Peter III
Seizing Church Lands, Rewarding Favorites
Poland and the Turks
The Partitions of Poland (1772, 1792, 1795)
Pugachev’s Rebellion,
Society in Crisis and Repression
Russia Becomes a European Power

13. The English Constitutional Monarchy, 1660–1740
The Restoration of Charles II
King, Parliament, and Religion
The Clarendon Code, 1661, and Dissenters
The Problem of Catholic Brother James
Ideas about Exclusion Create Whigs and Tories
The Political Theory of John Locke ( )
James II (r )
Tensions Over the Suspension of Religious Penalties
The Birth of a Male Heir, 1688

14. The English Constitutional Monarchy, 1660–1740
The Glorious Revolution,
Parliament’s Offer to William and Mary
The Revolutionary Settlement
The Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act
Government by Large Land-Owners
The Rule of Law
The Foundations of Constitutional Monarchy
The Act of Union, 1707
The Unification of England and Scotland

15. The English Constitutional Monarchy, 1660–1740
The Georges from Germany
George I (r )
Uprising in Scotland
Decline of the Tories
Sir Robert Walpole ( ): Stability
Britons: a New Collective Identity
George II (r ): “Mixed Monarchy”

16. Two World Wars, 1740–1763 The Wars Eighteenth-Century Warfare
Austrian Succession
The Seven Years’ War,
The Emergence of Frederick II and Prussia
Eighteenth-Century Warfare
The Professional Standing Army
The Science of Warfare
The Balance of Power

17. Two World Wars, 1740–1763 Winners and Losers
Military, Tax, and Administration Reform in Austria
Continuing Reform After the Seven Years’ War
Helping the Serfs
Reforming the Catholic Church
The Radical Reforms of Joseph II (r )
British Gains
French Losses