1. The Medieval Period 500-1400 AD
6/6/2018 5:28 AM
The Medieval Period AD
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2. Quiz!
1. List everything you know about the Medieval Era (anything at all)
2. Put a checkmark next to the items that are brought up in today’s discussion as you take notes

3. The Middle Ages 3 different distinguishable periods
Dark Ages
High Middle Ages
Later Middle Ages
The Crusades occurred
Launched with the intent of defending Christianity from Islam
Thousands of Europeans traveled to Jerusalem
Lasted more than 200 years.

4. Feudalism Reigns Supreme

5. Christianity Arises as a Unifying Force
Christianity (specifically Catholicism) provided the basis for a first European "identity”.
Provided a unifying feature during a time of weakness and vulnerability to foreign attacks
Services were exclusively conducted in Latin

6. Music of the Medieval Period
Two distinct genres: Sacred and Secular
Secular: Instruments and Voice
Sacred: exclusively Male Voice

7. Quick Review 7 Elements of Music Medium Melody Harmony Texture Form
Timbre (pronounced tamber)
Dynamics

8. Reading: Sacred Music in the Medieval Era
Provided on the Renaissance website
Staff > Sewell, Peggy > Music Core Assignments, Documents and Lectures
A quiz might happen on the content of the reading

9. Sacred Music

10. Gregorian Chant / Plainsong
Occurred in the Liturgy during Mass
Consisted of a single line of sung Melody
Monophonic in texture
No harmony associated with the chant at all
Non-metric
Set in a church mode
Dorian – Hypodorian
Phyrigian – Hypophyrigian
Lydian – Hypolydian
Mixoydian – Hypomixoydian

11. The Modes Ionian w-w-h-w-w-w-h Dorian w-h-w-w-w-h-w
Phrygian h-w-w-w-h-w-w
Lydian w-w-w-h-w-w-h
Mixolydian w-w-h-w-w-h-w
Aeolian w-h-w-w-h-w-w
Locrian h-w-w-h-w-w-w
Ionian w-w-h-w-w-w-h

12. Hypo Modes
Example: Dorian mode

13. Hypo Modes

15. Melodic Factors
One way to classify the vocal music of the Medieval Era was how the melody combined with the text.
Three classifications
Syllabic
Neumatic
Melismatic

16. Syllabic Music
One syllable
per note

17. A few notes per syllable
Neumatic Music
A few notes per syllable

18. Many notes per syllable
Melismatic Music
Many notes per syllable

19. 3 Question Quiz!
Match the following musical excerpts with the correct term

20. Syllabic Neumatic Melismatic1.

21. Syllabic Neumatic Melismatic2.

22. Syllabic Neumatic Melismatic3.

23. The Mass
A majority of the music was created for the Mass throughout the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Eras. (500 – 1750 AD)
5 parts of the Catholic Mass
I. Kyrie
II. Gloria
III. Credo
IV. Sanctus and Bendictus
V. Agnus Dei

24. Hildegard Von Bingen
Composer Highlight – Composer Highlight – Composer Highlight

25. The evolution of Musical texture
The rise of Polyphony
Two or more Gregorian Chants with Monophonic textures were sung simultaneously, creating music with a more complex texture than before
Polyphony = two or more independent melodies being played or sung simultaneously.
Genres of Sacred Polyphonic music:
Organum
Motet

26. The Organum Earliest form of Polyphony
Grew from the custom of adding a second voice to a Gregorian Chant melody in the interval of a fourth or fifth

27. Leonin and Perotin And Activity Time!!!
Composer Highlight – Composer Highlight – Composer Highlight

28. The Motet The most important form of early Polyphony
Started with one fragment of Gregorian Chant in the lowest voice (Bass or Tenor)
This chant served as the structural skeleton of the piece.
The composer would then add 1-3 new melodies.
Sacred and Secular texts could be combined

30. Reading: Secular Music in the Medieval Era
Provided on the Renaissance website
Staff > Sewell, Peggy > Music History Assignments, Documents and Lectures
A quiz on the content of the reading will be given at the beginning of next class period.

31. Secular Music

32. Secular Music Not associated with the Roman Catholic Church
Earliest songs were in Latin
Often contained lewd texts
Focused on idealized descriptions of Love and Chivalry
Expressed the Carpe Diem (“seize the day”) philosophy of young poets throughout the ages
Songs were sung Monophonically with improvised instrumental accompaniment

33. The Minstrel

34. The Minstrel Also called Troubadours or Trouveres
Travelled throughout France and Germany
Performed music for Nobles (or anyone with money)
Were often poets, actors, dancers, and musicians all in one
Sung Chansons and performed music for dancing

35. The Chanson Means “Song”
Secular
Was the first instance of musical repetition based on a pre-determined form
Rondeau
Ballade
Virelai
Most often in French

36. Instruments of the Medieval Era
Shawm
Sackbut
Nakers
Tabor
Organs
Portative
Positive
Pipe
Lute
Psaltery
Hammered Dulcimer
Rebec
Vielle

37. Pipe

38. Lute

39. Psaltery

40. Hammered Dulcimer

41. Rebec
Vielle

42. Shawm

43. Sackbut

44. Tabor

45. Nakers

46. Portative and Positive Organ

47. Function: these instruments were used to accompany dancing at festivals, weddings, etc.