1. DRBoaST (Disaster Resilience through Big open data and Smart Things)
Project Overview and ICT Subprojects
Jane W. S. Liu
Institute of Information Science
Academia Sinica 1 1

2. F. T. Lin E. T. H. Chu J. W. S. Liu DRBoaST J. M. Ho, IIS, AS
D. T. Lee
IIS, AS
C. S. Shih
CSIE, NTU
F. T. Lin
UP, NCKU
H. L. Lin
H. C. Chou
Geo, NTNU
N. C. Hsiao
SC, CWB
J. C. Lee
IES, AS
W. T. Liang
J. K. Zao
CS, NCTU
W. L. Hsu
IIS, AS
T. W. Kuo
CSIE, NTU
E. T. H. Chu
CS, YunTech
F. S. Lin
IHP, AS
H. C. Lee
SES, NCDR
F. T. Lin
E. T. H. Chu
J. W. S. Liu
J. W. S. Liu
IIS, AS
DRBoaST 2 2

3. OpenISDM DRBoaST (Open Information Systems for Disaster Management)
(Disaster Resilience through Big open data and Smart Things)
A framework for building open and sustainable information systems for disaster management
Generation and use of data for effective disasters preparedness and response
2012
2016
2018
Supported by Taiwan Academia Sinica,
Sustainability Science Research Program

4. Summary of Accomplishments
4 Virtual information systems:
17 prototype software systems, tools and applications
78 peer-reviewed journal and conference publications
59 workshop and conference keynotes, invited talks, oral presentations, and tutorials
70+ graduate theses on topics related the project
Over 12 national and international competitions/contests with entries on or closely related to project’s work
The accomplishment figures as of end of last year. They are obtained starting from accomplishments of OpenISDM project stated in 2015 slides, including papers published at the start of 2015, add what are included in DRBoaST annual report.
The latter numbers are
journal and conferences 11
presentations 10
theses 16
prototypes 5
competition 2
Thee project won prices ranging from gold medal award and first price to honorable mention.

5. Strategies & Information for Disaster Resilient Communities
PI and Co-PIs: F. T. Lin, H. C. Chou and H. L. Lin
Objective: To develop a SIDiRC cloud containing up-to-date, fine-scale, community-specific GIS data and information for disaster-prone communities
Research focus: Acquisition and use of indigenous knowledge of disaster prevention and daily examination of community disaster susceptibility factors
Accomplishments include:
A new portal for SIDiRC VGIS platform providing:
Choices of reference maps, including Google street and satellite maps,通用版電子地圖, 台灣堡圖, 福衛二號衛星影像; and
Functions for collecting and mass uploads of historical disaster information and observational data during normal times and major disasters.
Pilot studies on disaster prone villages:
Conducted training workshop in Shenmu village:
Village head will promote the project
Four villagers volunteered to participate
Similar collaborations with other villages planned

6. Real-Time Earthquake Information Cloud (RTEIC)
PI and Co-PIs: J. C. Lee, W. T. Liang, and N. C. Hsiao
Objectives:
Build RTEIC from TESIS (Taiwan Earthquake Scientific Information System), TSER (Taiwan Scientific Earthquake Report) System and DYFI (Did You Feel IT?) system
Use trained volunteers to collect, after each significant earthquake, observational data on geo-hazards (e.g., surface rupture, landslide and liquefaction) triggered by the quake and use the data for assessing new risks of earthquake-triggered compound disasters
Accomplishments include:
TSER system consisting of a volunteer management system and a Ushahidi-based report/map management platform is now available
Volunteer training workshops were organized in Taipei and Tainan

7. Crowdsourcing Disaster Surveillance Data
John K. Zao,
Edward T. H. Chu and Jane W. S. Liu
Objectives: To provide a system of tools needed to support the crowdsourcing and use of observational data by disaster surveillance and early warning systems
CROSS (CROwdsourcing Support system for disaster Surveillance) tools:
VMS for managing volunteer resources of multiple projects and processes
Participant selection and task assignment
Exploration tour planning
Fusion unit for fusing human and physical sensor data synergistically
Ushahidi+ crowdsourcing map management
Broadcast and communication managers
Here is the description for VMS and Ushahidi.
Volunteer Management System(VMS) is designed to manage volunteer resource. Volunteers could join different projects depending on their interests. Once a project manager launches a process, members of the project would receive the request from the manager. And after the participant selection process, members would be assigned for different missions.
Ushahidi+ as a crowd sourcing map would record reports from volunteers who are executing a mission. Also, the location of each volunteer would be posted on Ushahidi+ which allows managers to assign volunteers for new missions appropriately.

8. DiSRC( Disaster Scenario and Record Capture)
PI and co-PIs: W. L. Hsu, Hsiang-Chieh Lee, Fu-Shih Lin
Authoring System Server
Output for human readers
Participatory sensing systems
CROSS
JSON
Input from recorders
Analysis, simulation & animation tools
XML
RDF
Machine readable outputs
Capabilities include
Storage for cached maps and support information to enable stand alone use
Automatic capture of event time and geo-coordinates
Event and condition analysis
Quality assurance and real-time control
Capture and estimation of object location, area boundaries, people count, etc.
Recorders with Disaster Record Capture Tools (DiReCT)

9. Active disaster prepared living environment
ADiPLE
Active disaster prepared living environment
PI: Tei-Wei Kuo
Co-PIs: Edward T. H. Chu,
Feng-Tyne Lin and
Jane W. S. Liu

10. Current Scenario Effectiveness is limited due to
Alert xmlns: …
Sender: Central Weather Bureau
Status: Actual
MsgType: Alert
Scope: Public
Info
Category: Geo
Event: Earthquake
Urgency: Immediate
Severity: Strong
Certainty: Observed
Description: A strong earthquake measuring 7.8 occurred in …
Parameters: Magnitude, depth, …
Areas: Polygons specifying affected areas
Resources: … …
Effectiveness is limited due to
Non-specificity of alerts
Limitation in human reaction time to take advantage
Other EAS and CMAS 10
2018/9/10

11. “Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink.”
from The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Data, data everywhere, nor good use of them to help us prepared against calamities!
水，到處都是水，也不喝任何滴
Actually, we are like the ancient mariner amidst all the water around him, had no water to drink. Today, we have an ocean of data, but little of it them are used to significantly improve our abilities to cope with emergencies. 11

12. Walk in indicated directions
A Future Scenario
Alert xmlns: …
Sender: Central Weather Bureau
Status: Actual
MsgType: Alert
Scope: Public
Info
Category: Geo
Event: Earthquake
Urgency: Immediate
Severity: Strong
Certainty: Observed
Description: A strong earthquake measuring 7.8 occurred in …
Parameters: Magnitude, depth, …
Areas: Polygons specifying affected areas
Resources: … …
Earthquake,
Stay calm,
Walk in indicated directions
Active use of alerts
Picture of Taiwan from 12

13. Technology Enablers Accurate and timely disaster prediction
Wide adoption of XML-based international standard alert message format
Platforms for authenticating authorized alert senders and dissemination of alerts
Increasing adoption and use of building information and facility management digital data exchange standards
“BIM-level 3, digital building information exchange”,
DRBoaST

14. We now have
Architecture and reusable components for building diverse smart, active devices and applications for preparedness/response
Responsive active mechanism for pushing alerts over the Internet
Prototype Active Emergency Response Systems (AERS)
BeDIS: Prototype building/environment data and information system

15. Gateway
Wide Area Network
Lbeacon data
BeDIPS monitor and
Testing programs
Lbeacon-
URL
mapping
BeDIS server
BeDI Repository
BeDIPS delivers to Bluetooth devices 3D coordinates & location descriptions with 3-10 meter horizontal accuracy
BeDI mist delivers location-specific data and instructions using micros data servers

16. Delivery of fine-scale location-specific data and instructions
Location-specific emergency response instructions
3D coordinates of this location & URL of nearby stores
Fine-scale, location-specific decision support data

17. On IPS: A market arena full of
Indoor Positioning Systems work where GPS does not.
On IPS:
A market arena full of
Big players, including Google, Apple, Microsoft, Qualcomm, Broadcom and so on
100 startups, 540 investors, and ~3,500 followers according to AngleList as of August 16, 2017
A playground for diverse technologies, including
Triangulation of using WiFi, cell, and FM signals
Fingerprints of magnetic signals of the building and WiFi and FM signals in the building
Measurements of light, acoustic, ultra wideband and low frequency signals, and
Proximity beacons
Sources of information: co/indoor-positioning
D. Schneider, “New Indoor Navigation Technologies Work Where GPS Can’t,” IEEE Spectrum, November 2013.
D. Dodge, “Leaders in Indoor Location Positioning technology,” April 2013, (last retrieved: August 2015)
D.Dodge, “Indoor Location startups innovating Indoor Positioning,” June 2013, (last retrieved: August 2013)
DRBoaST

18. IPS for large public buildings
Works without Internet
Stays responsive in presence of mass crowd
Is easy to install & maintain
Remains accurate despite movement of people & things
Serves both feature and smart phones
Picture of rush hour in Singapore:
Upper right corner:

19. Indoor Triangulation System
Accuracy affected by movements of people and objects
High cost of maintaining information on access points

20. Fingerprint - Based Indoor Positioning
FingerPrints Descriptions D coordinates
Eddie Bauer
Walking Co.
LEGO Co.
North Face …
1, xxxxx, yyyyy
1, zzzzz, aaaaa
1, LLLL, cccc 1,
Is not scalable with building size and location queries
Requires Internet access to fingerprint database
Incurs high maintenance cost
Can serve only smart devices

21. Lbeacons (Location beacons)
Bluetooth smart ready devices in BeDIPS
Stores and broadcasts its 3D coordinates and location description
Provides 3-5 m (or 5-10 m) horizontal location accuracy with zero vertical error
Is compatible with Bluetooth 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 devices
No APP and indoor maps required

22. LBRMS database BeDI repository BeDIP & LBRMS servers BE:EF:F0:0D:CA:FE
& 3D coordinates
LBeacon
BE:EF:F0:0D:CA:FE
Registered Bluetooth smartband
Carts, chairs, etc with Bluetooth smart tags.

23. Practical Challenges
In a major transport hub (e.g., Frankfurt Airport):
There may be 50,000 smoke detectors.
100,000 Lbeacons may be used to achieve the desired location accuracy (e.g., 5-10 meters)
Where should the beacons be placed ?
How to pinpoint the chosen location of each Lbeacon and install it there?
How to systematically and reliably maintain the system during remodeling?
DRBoaST 25

24. BeDI Repository BeDIS server FM Lbeacon data BeDIPS monitor and
Testing programs
Lbeacon-
URL
mapping
BeDI Repository
BeDIS server 3
168
Picture from 27 4 26

25. Current Work and Plans Pilot studies on BeDIS
To assess the usability and effectiveness of BeDIPS and BeDI mist in real-life operating conditions:
Possible test sites: Nangang Station, NTUH, Sogo
Collaborators: Accton, Taipei City, TRA, Sogo
To develop applications using BeDIS as a platform:
Navigation: general and special purpose
Tracking of people and equipment
Personalized, location specific marketing
Research and development:
A framework for building quality assured AERS
Security and safety of large active systems

26. Thank You!
Picture from 28