1. Civil War

2. Causes Economic Geographic Political
The North relied on industry and free labor
The South relied on farming and slave labor
Geographic
New territories caused the balance of slave/free states in Congress to shift in favor or free states
Compromise of (California enters as Free State)
Political
States’ rights vs. federal control

3. Missouri Compromise, 1820

4. Compromise of 1850

5. Resistance and Violence
Underground Railroad led slaves to freedom
Harriet Tubman is the most famous “conductor”
“Bleeding Kansas”
The idea of popular sovereignty created riots
Fighting in the Senate
Sen. Brooks attacked Sen. Sumner with his cane causing brain damage.

7. Abraham Lincoln Born in a one room log cabin in Kentucky.
Self educated. Hated hunting.
6 foot 4 inches tall.
Known for being a fantastic public speaker.
Was defeated by Stephen Douglas for Illinois Senate Seat in 1858.
Two years later ran for President and won.

8. Lincoln Gains Popularity
Became outspoken about his views on slavery.
Lincoln’s position:
Not planning to outlaw slavery, he just wanted to stop it from spreading into the new territories
Lincoln won in 1860 with 0 electoral votes from the south

10. QUICK-WRITE
Describe the rising tension between the North and the South prior to the Civil War.

11. Civil War

12. Why did the South leave the Union?
The issue of slavery
States rights vs. federal government control
Southerners felt the gov’t no longer protected their way of life.
South Carolina was first to secede
The Confederate States of America was born, Jefferson Davis became their president

13. Lincoln vs Davis

14. The Union was led by Grant

15. Lee and a Rebel soldier

17. Early Battles Early in the War The South was very successful
Better generals
Home field advantage
Union Strategy
Block Southern ports & stop them from getting supplies.
Control the Mississippi R.
Capture the South capital of Richmond, VA

18. Emancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1, 1863 Lincoln issues order
“I do order…that all persons held as slaves…within these States…shall be free.”
No Southerners let their slaves go
Gave the War a moral purpose for the North.

20. 1863-1865 The North began to build momentum against the South
Union has strong victories:
Gettysburg- stops Lee invading the North.
South was running low on supplies:
Food
Ammunition
Shoes
Guns

22. Total War Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’s idea
Sherman’s plan:
Destroy the Southern people’s will to fight, then they would surrender
Sherman and Grant decided to coordinate attacks

23. Sherman’s March Spring of 1864
Sherman marched his troops through Georgia toward the Atlantic Ocean
His troops destroyed everything in their path
killed animals, burned homes, and destroyed railroad tracks

25. Sherman’s March

27. 2,100,000 soldiers 110,000 killed in action 275,000 wounded
United States of America
Confederate States of America
2,100,000 soldiers
110,000 killed in action
275,000 wounded
1,064,000 soldiers
93,000 killed in action
150,000 wounded

28. The Final Surrender
April 9, Lee surrenders to Grant at a home in Appomattox Court House, VA
5 days later Lincoln is assassinated
By John Wilkes Booth
Ford’s Theatre in D.C.
Two Problems Lincoln Left Behind
How to bring back Southern states to the Union
How to integrate nearly 4 million newly freed African Americans

29. Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.
Now
Then

30. The Presidential Box at Ford’s Theatre

33. Booth is captured
After shooting Lincoln, Booth leapt from the balcony and caught his spur on the stage curtains and broke his leg as he landed on stage.
He ran backstage and escaped through a back door
He was on the run for 12 days but was finally captured and shot in a barn/warehouse

34. John Wilkes Booth

35. The Conspirators are hung

36. Similarities Between Lincoln and Kennedy
Lincoln's name has 7 letters Kennedy's name has 7 letters
Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846 Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946
Lincoln was elected president in 1860 Kennedy was elected president in 1960
Lincoln gave African-Americans freedom and legalized equality Kennedy enforced equality for African-Americans through the Civil Rights Acts
Lincoln was succeeded, after assassination, by vice-president Johnson Kennedy was succeeded, after assassination, by vice-president Johnson
Andrew Johnson was born in 1808 Lyndon Johnson was born in 1908
Andrew Johnson's name has 13 letters Lyndon Johnson's name has 13 letters
Lincoln was sitting beside his wife when he was shot Kennedy was sitting beside his wife when he was shot

37. Lincoln was shot on a Friday Kennedy was shot on a Friday
Lincoln was shot in a theatre named  Ford Kennedy was shot in a car made by  Ford
Lincoln was shot in a theatre and his assassin ran to a warehouse JFK was shot from a warehouse and his alleged assassin ran to a theatre
Lincoln's assassin had a three-worded name, John Wilkes Booth Kennedy's alleged assassin had a three-worded name, Lee Harvey Oswald
John Wilkes Booth has 15 letters Lee Harvey Oswald has 15 letters
John Wilkes Booth was born in 1839 Lee Harvey Oswald was born in 1939
Booth was shot and killed in police custody before going to trial Oswald was shot and killed in police custody before going to trial

38. Reconstruction: Creating a “New South”

39. A New South
Reconstruction is the time period when the US rebuilt and readmitted the South ( )
First led by Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s VP
3 Amendments added to the Constitution:
13th Amendment - slavery abolished
14th Amendment – defines American citizenship
15th Amendment – Blacks allowed to vote
Freedmen’s Bureau- new program to provide services (ex: medical care) to former slaves

41. Lincoln’s Plan vs. Johnson’s Plan
State readmitted if 10% of voters swear allegiance to the Union.
Radical Republicans consider this plan too lenient
Want to destroy political power of former slaveholders
Want full citizenship and suffrage for African Americans
Johnson’s plan much like Lincoln’s, plus the following:
Divide South into military districts
Excludes Confederate leaders and wealthy landowners
Veto the Freedmen’s Bureau

43. What is Johnson doing in this image?
Answer: On April 14, 1866, Thomas Nast drew a cartoon of "The Grand Masquerade Ball" featuring large sketches of many of the celebrities of the day. Andrew Johnson is pictured kicking out the Freedmen’s Bureau with his veto, with scattered black people coming out of it.

44. Reconstructing Society
By 1870, all former Conf. states have rejoined Union.
Many Southern whites reject equal rights for blacks (the Ku Klux Klan is born).
Former slaves start churches, thousands move north to reunite with families or find jobs.
Sharecropping- to farm land owned by another, sharecroppers keep only part of crops

45. This cartoon reflects the altered state of Southern politics in which the attempt by black men to vote had become a life-threatening risk. It is an excellent example of the difficulties of Southern black voters during the Reconstruction years.

48. Collapse of Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan wants to destroy Republican plans, aid planters, repress African Americans
Kill thousands of men, women, and children.
1872 Amnesty Act passes, forgives Southerners for leaving Union.
Democrats gain control of the South in 1876 election, Reconstruction ends.

49. Significance Success: Passing of 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
Needs work:
Attempts to address discrimination failed
White landowners passed discriminating laws (poll taxes, black codes)
Whites would rule the South for the next 100 years

50. How did Reconstruction ultimately fail? List 3 specific examples.
Summary
How did Reconstruction ultimately fail? List 3 specific examples.